主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 70-75.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

地下变压器室火灾特性数值模拟研究

李国辉1,2,3, 马韬4, 朱红亚1,2,3, 洪清泉5   

  1. （1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381； 4.天津中外运化工国际物流有限公司，天津 300456； 5.国安达股份有限公司，福建 厦门 361023）
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02 修回日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-15
  • 作者简介:李国辉，应急管理部天津消防研究所副研究员，主要从事特种灾害救援技术研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。

Numerical simulation study on the fire characteristics of underground transformer room

Li Guohui1,2,3, Ma Tao4, Zhu Hongya1,2,3, Hong Qingquan5   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. Tianjin Sinotrans Chemical International Logistics Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300456, China; 5. Guoanda Co., Ltd., Xiamen Fujian 361023, China)
  • Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-12-23 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-15

摘要： 针对地下变压器室的结构特征和火灾风险，构建220 kV变压器全尺寸火灾数值模型，考虑通风阀和疏散门对气流的影响，研究变压器室事故油池全液面火灾燃烧特性。结果表明，无论通风阀和疏散门是否开启，事故油池燃烧均受空气供给限制，属通风控制型火灾。通风阀和疏散门开启时，火源热释放速率峰值为12 MW；通风阀关闭、疏散门开启时，火源热释放速率峰值为5 MW；两者均达不到设计火源热释放速率理论峰值。温度自室内顶棚向下呈降低趋势，侧壁最高温度可达700 ℃以上。通风阀开启时热辐射峰值可达300 kW/m2以上，顶棚平均温度可达470 ℃以上，两者均高于通风阀关闭时的数值。

关键词: 地下变压器, 火灾特性, 火源热释放速率, 热辐射, 通风控制

Abstract: Based on the structural features and fire risks of the underground transformer room, a full-scale fire numerical model of a 220 kV transformer was constructed, taking into account the influence of ventilation valves and evacuation doors on airflow. The study investigated the full-surface fire combustion characteristics of the transformer room's emergency oil sump. The results indicate that, regardless of whether the ventilation valves and evacuation doors are open or closed, the combustion in the emergency oil sump is air supply-limited and belongs to ventilation-controlled fires. When both the ventilation valves and evacuation doors are open, the peak heat release rate of the fire source reaches 12 MW; when the ventilation valves are closed and the evacuation doors are open, the peak heat release rate of the fire source is 5 MW. Both values fall short of the theoretical peak heat release rate of the designed fire source. The temperature decreases from the indoor ceiling downward, with the highest temperature on the side walls exceeding 700 °C. When the ventilation valves are open, the peak thermal radiation can exceed 300 kW/m², and the average ceiling temperature can exceed 470 °C, both of which are higher than the values when the valves are closed.

Key words: underground transformer, fire characteristics, fire heat release rate, thermal radiation, ventilation control