主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 12-19.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

穿斗式木结构民居火灾发展蔓延模型试验研究

曾凡军1,2, 周理1, 黄勇1, 唐洪刚1   

  1. （1.贵州大学 建筑与城市规划学院，贵州 贵阳 550003； 2.贵州大学 林学院，贵州 贵阳 550003）
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-04 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:曾凡军，贵州大学建筑与城市规划学院硕士研究生，主要从事木结构建筑防火研究，贵州省贵阳市花溪区，550003。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州大学勘察设计研究院有限责任公司创新基金（贵大勘察［2022］08号）

Study on the development and spread of fire in Chuandou-style timber houses based on model test

Zeng Fanjun1,2, Zhou Li1, Huang Yong1, Tang Honggang1   

  1. (1. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou 550003, China; 2. College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou 550003, China)
  • Received:2024-12-04 Revised:2025-02-21 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 建造全尺寸穿斗式木构民居试验模型，通过现场火灾试验，研究该类建筑在火灾中的蔓延过程、构件破坏及温度变化特征。试验结果表明，各房间的火灾蔓延特征相似，先为热解气体蓄积，随后发生轰燃，最后火势随燃料的消耗而变弱；房间上部构件先于下部构件烧毁，构件截面尺寸越小，烧毁越严重；房间轰燃发生前，上部空间温度较高，但窗户、墙体等构件的损毁导致冷空气大量涌入，上部空间温度快速下降。热成像分析显示，阁楼板缝隙、墙板接缝是热解气体逸散通道，热解气体易在阁楼空间形成蓄积。

关键词: 穿斗式木结构民居, 火灾蔓延, 构件破坏, 温度变化, 全尺寸试验

Abstract: A full-scale experimental model of a Chuandou-style timber house was constructed to investigate the fire spread process, structural damage, and temperature variation characteristics through on-site fire tests. The test results indicated that the fire spread characteristics in each room were similar, starting with the accumulation of pyrolysis gases, followed by a flashover, and finally, the fire weakened as the fuel was consumed. The upper structural components burned before the lower ones, and the smaller the cross-sectional size of the components, the more severe the burning. Before the flashover in the room, the temperature in the upper space was higher, but the destruction of components such as windows and walls led to a large influx of cold air, causing the temperature in the upper space to drop rapidly. In addition, thermal imaging analysis revealed that the gaps in the attic floor and the seams of the wall panels are channels for the escape of pyrolysis gases, which tend to accumulate in the attic space.

Key words: Chuandou-style timber house, fire spread, component failure, temperature change, full-scale test