主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 20-26.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

古建筑群消防规划及设计关键技术研究

王靖波1, 李松翰2, 郑常悦3, 赵家明1   

  1. （1.中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京100013； 2.中国园林博物馆，北京100072； 3.北京市北海公园管理处，北京100009）
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-22 修回日期:2025-03-10 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:王靖波，中国建筑科学研究院有限公司建筑防火研究所高级工程师，主要从事建筑电气自动控制方面的研究，北京市北三环东路30号，100013。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题（2022YFC3803500）；国家重点研发计划课题（2020YFC1522804）

Research on key technologies for fire protection planning and design of ancient building complex

Wang Jingbo1, Li Songhan2, Zheng Changyue3, Zhao Jiaming1   

  1. (1. China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China; 2. The Museum of Chinese Gardens and Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100072, China; 3. Beijing Beihai Park Management Office, Beijing 100009, China)
  • Received:2025-01-22 Revised:2025-03-10 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 针对我国古建筑群存在的消防体系顶层设计不系统、规划设计无相关防火设计标准指引的技术难题，在调研20余处砖木结构古建筑院落火灾荷载的基础上，通过数值模拟深入研究其火灾蔓延规律。结合实战演练，按照3 min灭火救援覆盖原则，提出对大型古建筑群内防火责任区划分方法，并在最后从火灾报警系统规划设计理念、各级中心设计要求及火灾探测器选型3个方面对大型古建筑群火灾报警系统提出三级报警架构规划设计方法。

关键词: 古建筑群, 消防规划, 微型消防站, 防火责任区, 火灾报警系统

Abstract: In view of the technical difficulties of ancient building complexes in China, such as the unsystematic top-level design of the fire protection system and the lack of relevant fire protection design standards in planning and design, this paper conducts in-depth research on the fire spread law through numerical simulation based on the investigation of fire loads in more than 20 brick-wood structure ancient building courtyards. Combined with actual combat drills, according to the principle of 3 min fire fighting and rescue coverage, a method for dividing fire protection responsibility areas in large ancient building complexes is proposed. Finally, a three-level alarm architecture planning and design method for the fire alarm system of large ancient building complexes is proposed from three aspects: the planning and design concept of the fire alarm system, the design requirements of centers at all levels, and the selection of fire detectors.

Key words: ancient building complex, fire safety planning, mini fire station, fire prevention responsibility area, fire alarm system