主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 62-68.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

柔性相变材料用于电池热管理的试验研究

潘治衡1, 智茂永1,2, 苏柄键1, 许沁柔1   

  1. （1.中国民用航空飞行学院 民航安全工程学院，四川 德阳 618307； 2.中国民用航空飞行学院 民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室，四川 德阳 618307）
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06 修回日期:2025-01-21 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:潘治衡，中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事电池热管理研究，四川省德阳市广汉市南昌路四段46号，618307。
  • 基金资助:
    民航局民航安全能力建设项目（MHAQ2024035）；四川省重点研发计划项目（2025YFHZ0037）；中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目（24CAFUC01008）；大学生创新创业国家级项目（202310624002S）；中国民用航空飞行学院研究生科研创新项目（24CAFUC10163）

Experimental study on flexible phase change materials for battery thermal management

Pan Zhiheng1, Zhi Maoyong1,2, Su Bingjian1, Xu Qinrou1   

  1. (1. College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang Sichuan 618307, China; 2. Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang Sichuan 618307, China)
  • Received:2024-12-06 Revised:2025-01-21 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 为了更有效地控制电池组的最高温度及提高温度均匀性，制备了水合盐基柔性相变材料，并将其应用于锂离子电池热管理。研究结果表明，添加40%的硅橡胶时，柔性相变材料的相变温度和相变热焓分别是45.3 ℃和123.2 J/g，热导率为0.35 W/（m·K），并具有优异的抗泄漏性、热稳定性和柔性；与空气冷却相比，采用的相变冷却方式，在室温环境（25 ℃）下，放电倍率为2C时，单体电池的最高温度为58.61 ℃，降低了7.52 ℃；电池组的最高温度下降了13.48 ℃，最大温差下降了7.82 ℃，与低倍率放电工况相比，锂离子电池在高倍率下放电时，相变冷却能够发挥更好的热管理作用；采用水合盐相变材料作为保护层，紧邻加热板的电池热失控的最高温度降低了440.8 ℃，并有效阻断了电池热失控的蔓延。此外，探讨了相变材料在电池热管理和热失控蔓延阻隔中的作用机理，主要来源于水合盐相变材料的多重吸热作用和形成多孔隔热层。

关键词: 柔性相变材料, 电池热管理, 相变冷却, 最高温度, 最大温差

Abstract: In order to control the maximum temperature better and improve temperature uniformity within battery packs, this study developed a hydrated salt-based flexible phase change material (PCM) and applied it to the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries. The results demonstrated that with the addition of 40% silicone rubber, the flexible PCM exhibited a phase change temperature of 45.3 ℃, a phase change enthalpy of 123.2 J/g, and a thermal conductivity of 0.35 W/(m·K), alongside excellent anti-leakage properties, thermal stability, and flexibility. Compared to air cooling, the PCM-based cooling approach reduced the maximum temperature of a single battery under a 2C discharge rate at room temperature (25 ℃) to 58.61 ℃, representing a 7.52 ℃ decrease. For the battery pack, the maximum temperature dropped by 13.48 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference decreased by 7.82 ℃. Furthermore, under high-rate discharge conditions, the PCM-based cooling exhibited superior thermal management performance compared to low-rate discharge scenarios. By using hydrated salt phase change material as a protective layer, the maximum temperature of thermal runaway in the battery adjacent to the heating plate was reduced by 440.8 ℃, effectively blocking the spread of thermal runaway in the battery. The mechanism of phase change materials in battery thermal management and thermal runaway propagation barrier was explored, mainly due to the multiple heat absorption of hydrated salt phase change materials and the formation of porous insulation layers.

Key words: flexible phase change materials, battery thermal management, phase change cooling, maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference