主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 57-61.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

泡沫铜抑制高温可燃气形成喷射火的试验研究

刘洋1, 季淮君1, 陈新建1, 李军伟2, 章嘉豪1, 赖成龙1, 刘芷含3   

  1. （1.中国地质大学（北京）工程技术学院，北京 100083； 2.北京理工大学 宇航学院，北京 100081； 3.赤峰工业职业技术学院，内蒙古 赤峰 024000）
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10 修回日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:刘 洋，中国地质大学（北京）工程技术学院，主要从事安全工程、锂电池安全方面的研究，北京市海淀区学院路29号，100083。
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质大学（北京）大学生创新创业训练计划项目（X202511415064）；中央高校基本科研业务费（2-9-2023-021）

Experimental study on suppression of jet fire formation from high-temperature combustible gas by copper foam

Liu Yang1, Ji Huaijun1, Chen Xinjian1, Li Junwei2, Zhang Jiahao1, Lai Chenglong1, Liu Zhihan3   

  1. (1. School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; 3. Chifeng Industrial Vocational Technical College, Chifeng Inner Mongolia 024000, China)
  • Received:2025-02-10 Revised:2025-03-15 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 不同于以往燃料泄漏的常温射流，锂电池热失控后会喷射高温可燃气，因此火灾风险更高。本研究提出使用泡沫铜来降低高温可燃气的温度和抑制其形成喷射火，并使用甲烷喷射火进行了试验验证。结果表明，10 ppi的泡沫铜可将高温可燃气的温度降至481 ℃，对甲烷喷射火具有良好的阻消效果。20、40 ppi的泡沫铜也能有效降低气流温度，但较大的流动阻力造成火焰侧向偏转，存在加热电池的风险。对于泡沫铜吸收的高温可燃气热量，前35 s主要用于泡沫铜的自身蓄热，35 s后主要通过对外辐射散失到环境中。泡沫铜对甲烷射流火焰的有效阻消时间超过100 s。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 喷射火, 泡沫铜, 孔密度, 阻火性能

Abstract: Different from the conventional ambient-temperature jet fires caused by fuel leakage in previous studies, the high-temperature combustible gas ejected during lithium-ion battery thermal runaway poses a higher fire risk. In this study, copper foam was proposed to reduce the temperature of high-temperature combustible gas and suppress the formation of jet fires, with methane jet fire adopted for experimental verification. The results showed that the 10 ppi copper foam could reduce the temperature of high-temperature combustible gas to 481 ℃, exhibiting excellent suppression and extinction performance on methane jet fires. The 20 ppi and 40 ppi copper foams also effectively reduced the gas flow temperature; however, the relatively high flow resistance induced lateral deflection of the flame, which posed a risk of heating the battery. Regarding the heat absorbed by copper foam from high-temperature combustible gas, the first 35 s were mainly consumed for self-heat storage of the copper foam, and after 35 s, the heat was mainly dissipated into the environment through external radiation. The effective suppression and extinction time of copper foam on methane jet fire exceeded 100 s.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, jet fire, copper foam, pore density, fire suppression performance