主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 116-123.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

多编组地铁列车车厢火灾侧向开口最高温升模型构建

周昀1, 朱国庆2   

  1. （1.郑州警察学院,河南 郑州 450000； 2.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116）
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20 修回日期:2025-03-22 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:周 昀，郑州警察学院铁路与城轨警务学院教师，主要从事城市轨道交通火灾安全、铁路警务研究，河南省郑州市金水区农业路31号，450000，zhouyun@rpc.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（52204254）；江苏省科技项目（BK20221124）；公安部技术研究计划项目（2024JSYJC26）；中央高校基本科研业务经费项目（2024TJJBKY046 ）

Construction of maximum temperature rise model for lateral openings in multi-formation subway carriages in fire

Zhou Yun1, Zhu Guoqing2   

  1. (1. Zhengzhou Police University, Zhengzhou Henan 450000, China; 2. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China)
  • Received:2025-02-20 Revised:2025-03-22 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 为探究多编组地铁列车火灾侧向开口温度特性，构建全尺寸FDS数值模型并利用缩尺寸试验和前人试验数据验证模型准确性。设置不同列车编组和火源功率，考虑车厢内两种典型火源位置（中部/端部），揭示多编组地铁列车侧向开口最高温升出现的位置和规律。结果表明，火源位于列车中心，开口最高温升出现在紧邻火源两侧开口顶部，且随着列车编组增加而下降。火源位于列车端部，受两侧不平衡压力影响，火源向近端侧倾斜，此时最高温升出现于近火源端侧向开口顶部。基于M-Q-H模型构建多编组地铁列车侧向开口最高温升预测模型，可针对火灾预防输出量化数据，为后续建立开口二维温度场模型提供参考。

关键词: 地铁列车火灾, 开口最高温升, 列车编组, 列车长度, 预测模型

Abstract: To explore the temperature characteristics of lateral openings during multi-formation subway train fires, a full-scale FDS numerical model was constructed and verified with scaled-down and previous experimental data. Different train formation numbers and fire source powers were set, considering two typical fire source positions (middle part/end). Results show that when the fire source is at the center of train, the maximum temperature rise at the opening occurs at the top of openings on both sides adjacent to the fire source, and it decreases as the number of formation increases. When the fire source is at the train end, affected by the unbalanced pressure on both sides, the fire source tilts towards the proximal side. At this time, the maximum temperature rise appears at the top of the lateral opening near the fire source end. Based on the M-Q-H model, a prediction model for the maximum temperature rise at the lateral openings of multi-marshaled subway trains was constructed. This model can output quantitative data for fire prevention and offer reference for the subsequent establishment of a two-dimensional temperature field model of the openings.

Key words: subway train fire, opening maximum temperature rise, subway train formation, subway train length, prediction model