主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 143-148.

• • 上一篇    

基于SPN的森林火灾空地联动应急救援流程建模分析

郭昕曜1, 李嘉毅1, 王远声2   

  1. （1.郑州航空工业管理学院 民航学院，河南 郑州 450046； 2.华北水利水电大学 生态环境学院，河南 郑州 450046）
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27 修回日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 作者简介:郭昕曜，郑州航空工业管理学院副教授，硕士生导师，博士，主要从事航空应急救援方面的研究，河南省郑州市郑东新区，450046。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（72304253）；教育部人文社会科学研究项目（22YJC630027）；河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目（2024GGJS098）；河南省科技攻关项目（252102321022）；河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目（26HASTIT058）；河南省重点研发专项项目（261111322500）

Modeling and analysis of forest fire air-ground coordination emergency rescue process based on SPN

Guo Xinyao1, Li Jiayi1, Wang Yuansheng2   

  1. (1. School of Civil Aviation, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou Henan 450046, China; 2. School of Ecology and Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou Henan 450046, China)
  • Received:2025-02-27 Revised:2025-05-06 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-15

摘要： 为提高森林火灾空地联动应急救援效率并明确救援流程的关键环节，本文借鉴非常规突发事件应急救援工作流程，设计了结合“航空灭火”和“地面灭火”的森林火灾空地联动救援流程；以2018年山东省沂源县“4·6”森林火灾救援过程为例，基于随机Petri网模型仿真分析了空地联动救援系统的救援效率和关键环节，探讨了制约救援效率的关键问题和产生原因，揭示了救援流程中关键环节间影响机制。结果显示，余火清理、吊桶作业控制火势、救援航空器申请批准3个环节的变迁利用率较高，是制约救援效率的关键环节；吊桶作业和余火清理对总体救援时间的影响更为敏感，但航空器申请批准环节可进一步提升上述2个环节的效率。研究结论为森林火灾应急管理部门制定空地联动救援流程提供决策依据。

关键词: 森林火灾, 空地联动救援, 救援效率, 救援流程, SPN模型

Abstract: To enhance the efficiency of air-ground coordinated emergency rescue in forest fires and identify the critical links in the rescue process, this study draws on the emergency rescue workflows for unconventional emergencies to design a forest fire air-ground coordination rescue process integrating both "aerial firefighting" and "ground firefighting". Taking the 2018 "4·6" forest fire rescue operation in Yiyuan County, Shandong Province as a case study, a simulation analysis of the efficiency and key links of the air-ground coordination rescue system was conducted based on the Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) model. The key issues constraining rescue efficiency are explored, their underlying causes are analyzed, and the interaction mechanisms among critical links in the rescue process are revealed in the study. The results indicate that fire mop-up, bucket operations for fire suppression, and the approval of rescue aircraft requests have high transition utilization rates, making them the key constraints on rescue efficiency. Bucket operations and fire mop-up exhibit greater sensitivity to overall rescue time, while the aircraft request approval process can further enhance the efficiency of these two links. The findings provide decision-making support for emergency management authorities in formulating air-ground coordinated rescue processes for forest fire response.

Key words: forest fire, air-ground coordination emergency rescue, rescue efficiency, rescue processes, SPN