Abstract: Lithium-ion battery energy storage, as the core technology of new energy storage, holds strategic significance in promoting energy transition and achieving the "dual carbon" goals. However, with the rapid growth of installed capacity, fire safety issues of energy storage systems have become increasingly prominent, seriously restricting the safety development of this industry. This paper systematically analyzes typical global energy sto- rage system fire cases, summarizes accident characteristics and disaster-causing mechanisms; and comprehensively reviews the research status and development trends of energy storage safety technologies from four dimensions: intrinsic safety, thermal runaway mechanism, monitoring and early warning, and fire suppression and explosion prevention. In terms of intrinsic safety, research on solid-state battery technology and modification of material systems continues to advance; research on thermal runaway mechanisms has evolved from single-characteristic analysis to multi-physics field coupling and cross-scale prediction studies; monitoring and early alarm technologies are moving towards multi-parameter fusion and intelligent diagnosis; fire extinguishing technologies are shifting from comparison of using single fire extinguishing agents to multi-agent application and precise suppression and control. The research indicates that future energy storage fire technologies will develop in a coordinated manner towards the directions of intrinsic safety foundation, systematic mechanism research, intelligent early alarm and diagnosis, and precise fire extinguishing, providing technical support for building high-level safety energy storage systems.

Key words: energy storage system, lithium-ion batteries, fire safety, current technological status, trends