Abstract: Abstract: Urban fires may cause serious damage to life and property, and a scientifically reasonable layout of fire stations can effectively improve fire rescue efficiency and reduce system operation costs. This study took minimizing fire waiting losses and fire station construction costs as the objectives, and uses fire truck driving time as the criterion for judging fire station coverage, constructed an integer programming model for fixed costs of fire station site selection. An exact algorithm based on the Lagrangian relaxation framework is designed, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified. An example optimization of fire station layout in Jinnan District, Tianjin City is conducted. Sensitivity analysis was carried out on significant parameters such as waiting loss cost and fire truck driving time, providing more accurate references for urban fire facility planning and decision making.

Key words: fire station, site selection layout, integer programming model, fire truck driving time, Lagrangian relaxation method