Abstract: Against the safety management and risk control problems of hydrogen refueling stations, using simulation and mathematical analysis, explore the dynamics of small leakage and diffusion of liquid hydrogen while assessing the interactive effects of temperature and wind speed. The results indicate that a small leakage of liquid hydrogen results in the rapid formation of a hydrogen cloud, with its diffusion distance markedly increasing as wind speed escalates. In the absence of wind, the hydrogen cloud spreads to a distance of 12 m from the leakage port within 30 s. When the wind speed reaches 3.06 m/s, the cloud extends to 24 m, and at 5.59 m/s, it expands to 28 m. However, higher wind speeds can lead to hydrogen accumulation in lower altitudes, necessitating adjustments to wall height. Additionally, a rise in wind speed facilitates the dilution of the hydrogen cloud. At normal temperatures, the hydrogen mole fraction drops by approximately 7.53% compared to low wind speeds, and by roughly 5.98% at lower temperatures. Conversely, at higher temperatures, the evaporation of liquid hydrogen accelerates, augmenting both the initial concentration and diffusion range of the hydrogen cloud. Both temperature and wind speed have a combined influence on the initial concentration, diffusion range, and final stable concentration of the hydrogen cloud. When devising safety measures, factors such as wind speed, temperature, and potential fire sources must be thoroughly considered. Particularly under conditions of high temperature and high wind speed, it is imperative to enhance real-time monitoring and emergency preparedness.

Key words: liquid hydrogen refueling station, small leaks, temperature, wind speed, numerical simulation