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15 August 2026, Volume 45 Issue 8 Previous Issue   

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Effect of ambient temperature on aging and thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries Wang Zhipeng, Xie Song 2026, 45 (8):  1-6.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0001.06 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (2628KB) ( 76 )   With the application and promotion of new energy vehicles in China, the study of aging and thermal safety performance of lithium-ion batteries in low temperature environments in winter is of great significance for the safe application of batteries. This paper selects 30 Ah prismatic LiFePO4 batteries as experimental samples to explore the effects of ambient temperature (25 ℃, 10 ℃ and 0 ℃) on the aging and thermal safety performance of lithium-ion batteries. The results show that low-temperature aging can lead to a significant degradation in battery capacity. The electrochemical characterization, X-ray CT and SEM-EDS results show that lithium plating, electrode material damage and gas production are the main factors causing the degradation of battery cycle performance. In terms of thermal safety performance, low-temperature aging will aggravate the thermal runaway behavior of the battery, and its safety valve opening time and thermal runaway triggering time will be significantly advanced. Furthermore, by analyzing the changing trend of multi-point temperature on the battery surface during thermal runaway, it is proved that the surface temperature monitoring at the bottom of the battery (Tbot) is more suitable for accurate assessment of battery thermal runaway status. This work can provide theoretical reference and data support for the construction of safety assessment and early warning models for lithium-ion batteries under different ambient temperatures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the concentration characteristics of thermal decomposition particles and optimization of detection parameters of insulation materials for distribution cabinets Fan Xiaoyong, Zou Kaiyu, Xie Jia, Lu Shouxiang 2026, 45 (8):  7-15.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0007.09 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (2004KB) ( 74 )   To study the concentration law of pyrolysis particles and optimize the selection of pyrolysis particles detection parameters during the early stage of ignition of typical electrical insulation materials in Distribution Cabinets, this study established a pyrolysis particles detection test platform for three typical insulating materials in distribution cabinets. The platform simulates the low-temperature pyrolysis process of electrical materials, obtaining the number concentration laws of particles ranging from 0.3 to 10.0 μm and the mass concentration laws of PM0.5, PM1.0 and PM2.5. A pyrolysis particles concentration dataset was established. and based on this dataset, the random forest algorithm was used to obtain the importance of particle concentrations in different particle size ranges for early pyrolysis, thereby optimizing the selection of pyrolysis particle detection parameters. The results show that all three pyrolysis materials exhibit significant changes in the concentration of pyrolytic solid particles. The trend of the number concentration of pyrolysis particles is to maintain the baseline value first, then increases, and finally reaches saturation or decreases. The mass concentration shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The particle size distribution is mainly concentrated within the range of 1.0 μm. Compared with ABS and FR-4 epoxy resin materials, PVC is more likely to generate large-sized particles. In the design of pyrolysis particle detection, the number concentration of particles larger than 0.3 μm is preferred as a single detection parameter, and the combination of the number concentration of particles larger than 1.0 μm and the PM2.5 mass concentration is recommended as dual detection parameters. This research can provide a basis for the application of the electrical fire detection technology of measuring pyrolysis particles in electrical fire monitoring system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of the effect of nitrogen doping on the combustion characteristics of hydrogen jet flames Sha Haiwei, Han Qianqian 2026, 45 (8):  16-23.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0016.08 Abstract ( 46 )   PDF (2390KB) ( 35 )   Hydrogen energy as a clean fuel has a broad application prospect, but its violent combustion and poor stability is easy to induce safety hazards. Nitrogen doping to regulate the combustion characteristics of the hydrogen flame is a key technology to enhance the safe utilization of hydrogen energy. In this study, the effect of nitrogen doping on the combustion characteristics of hydrogen jet flames was investigated through experiments, and the influence of different nitrogen doping ratios on the temperature field, stable combustion time and morphology of the flame was systematically analyzed. The experimental results show that the maximum flame temperature decreases significantly with the increase of nitrogen doping ratio. The maximum temperature of the pure hydrogen flame in vertical flame reaches 842.8 ℃, which decreases to 726.5 ℃ with 30% of nitrogen doping, with a decrease of 13.8%, and that of the horizontal flame decreases from 859.3 ℃ to 706.0 ℃, with a decrease of 17.8%. When the nitrogen doping volume fraction reached 40%, the gas mixture could not maintain continuous combustion and reached the stability critical value. The stabilized combustion time of the flame was nonlinearly shortened with the doping ratio, and the pure hydrogen flame lasted 15.58 s, which was sharply reduced to 2.61 s with 30% of nitrogen doping. After nitrogen doping, the brightness of the flame was significantly reduced, and the horizontal flame jet showed an elongated jet-like propagation. Nitrogen doping can effectively regulate the core region temperature and combustion intensity of hydrogen flame. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the influence of width and ignition position on fire spread of XPS insulation board Lu Ligang, Ji Jingwei, Zhu Nan 2026, 45 (8):  24-29.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0024.06 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (2744KB) ( 59 )   To investigate the effects of specimen width and ignition position on the flame spread behavior of XPS insulation boards, a corresponding experimental apparatus was constructed, and its reliability was verified through repeatability tests. For B2-grade XPS specimens of different widths, full-width linear ignition was applied at both the upper and lower sections, and relevant combustion and flame spread parameters were obtained. The results indicate that under concurrent flame spread conditions, the full-time maximum flame temperature fluctuation amplitude increases with specimen width; whereas under countercurrent flame spread conditions, this temperature remains stable. In concurrent flames, the instantaneous flame height exhibits a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with width, showing a weak correlation with time. In countercurrent flames, the instantaneous flame height tends to fluctuate and increase over time before stabilizing, and at the same width, the average flame height under countercurrent conditions is significantly higher than that under concurrent conditions. Regarding the flame spread rate, under concurrent flame spread, the linearly fitted spread rate shows no significant correlation with width variation for specimens of different widths. Under countercurrent flame spread, the linearly fitted spread rate is positively correlated with specimen width, and both the fluctuation range and mean value of the instantaneous spread rate under countercurrent conditions are smaller than those under concurrent conditions. At the same width, the average spread rate under concurrent flame spread is approximately 3.6 ± 0.3 times that under countercurrent flame spread. In terms of combustion behavior, molten material dripping occurs frequently in concurrent flames; whereas in countercurrent flames, molten material adheres to the flame and triggers sudden vertical flame propagation. Both phenomena may lead to severe fire hazards. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of fire safety risk monitoring technology for tunnel and cavern groups in pumped storage power stations Wang Wenlong, Zhu Yueqin, Liu Aichun, Zhang Jiaqing, Liu Chang 2026, 45 (8):  30-40.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0030.11 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (894KB) ( 62 )   Fire safety risk monitoring of tunnel and cavern groups is crucial to ensure the construction and safe operation of underground transportation, energy, and power facilities. This study systematically reviews the research progress of combustion characteristics, monitoring technologies, and intelligent prevention and control systems for fires in tunnel and cavern groups, which located at the pumped storage power stations. By analyzing typical fire cases, the characteristics of tunnel fires are summarized, which includes the strong concealment, the high toxicity of smoke, and the difficulty in evacuation and rescue. In the meantime, the principles and application scenarios of single-parameter fire detection technologies are also sorted, which includes the gas detection, the smoke detection, the flame detection, the temperature detection, and the video detection respectively. The problems existed in the sensors for single fire parameter are pointed out, which includes the high false and missed alarm rates and low data fusion efficiency in complex scenarios, and the multi-sensor networking communication technologies and information fusion algorithms are also discussed, which is conducive to improving monitoring accuracy and anti-interference ability. In the future, it is urgent to build an integrated intelligent monitoring system of "perception-decision-control" by combining digital twin and artificial intelligence technologies, promoting the transformation of tunnel fire monitoring from "passive early warning" to "active prevention and control", so as to provide theoretical support and technical guarantee for the safe operation and maintenance of underground spaces. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on cabin fire case retrieval by incorporating knowledge meta and aggregated K nearest neighbor algorithm Wu Yu, Jing Lihan, Xie Jiang 2026, 45 (8):  41-48.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0041.08 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (1314KB) ( 113 )   To achieve accurate description and rapid response to civil aviation cabin fire scenarios, this paper constructs a cabin fire case retrieval model that integrates knowledge meta and aggregated K nearest neighbor algorithm. By mining the attribute features of cabin fires, performing numerical conversion and preprocessing, similar case retrieval and level prediction are carried out. The results indicate that based on the theory of disaster element deconstruction, cabin fire cases can be deconstructed into a four-dimensional knowledge element framework containing causative factors, disaster bearing bodies, disaster prone environments, and emergency response. Combined with the characteristics of fire events, the entire process of cabin fire disaster formation, development, and response can be subdivided into 8 sub knowledge elements and 12 attribute features; At the same time, the Euclidean distance between the randomly predicted target case and the total number of cases was calculated. The majority voting method and aggregation sub model were used to obtain the final prediction value. A dataset of 1 500 simulation cases was constructed for training, validation, and optimization. 24 real cases were selected for testing, and the best K value of 3 was obtained through cross validation using the leave one method. The model's prediction accuracy reached 0.916 7. Based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score settings, a multi model comparative evaluation shows that the proposed aggregated K nearest neighbor model is significantly superior to other models. Therefore, the proposed cabin fire case retrieval model can provide support for predicting the level of civil aviation cabin fires and emergency decision-making. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on fire-induced smoke spread characteristics and heat dissipation efficiency in tunnel-shed-tunnel structures Huang Hongya, Li Tao, Liu Xinhao, Wang Eryu'an, Zhang Yuchun 2026, 45 (8):  49-56.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0049.08 Abstract ( 45 )   PDF (1677KB) ( 53 )   To investigate the smoke spread characteristics and the heat exhaust efficiency of shed tunnel structures under fire conditions in a tunnel-shed-tunnel configuration, this paper conducted numerical simulation studies. The effects of factors such as the opening mode, opening ratio, and shed length on smoke spread characteristics and heat exhaust efficiency were analyzed. The results show that there is a significant difference in heat exhaust efficiency between top-opening and side-opening shed structures. Under the side-opening shed structure, the opening ratio has a relatively small effect on heat exhaust efficiency, with the maximum efficiency reaching only 10%. As the shed length increases, the smoke exhaust performance improves, but the smoke concentration beneath the shed roof remains high. Under the top-opening shed structure, the opening ratio significantly affects the smoke exhaust capacity of the tunnel group, with heat exhaust efficiency reaching up to 85%. As the shed length increases, the smoke concentration at the top of the shed decreases. This study provides a scientific and rational basis for controlling tunnel group fires, reducing the loss and severity following such fires, and offers guidance for future tunnel construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forward-looking sonar human target detection based on improved YOLO11n Zhan Jie, Hu Bin, Meng Guanchen 2026, 45 (8):  57-63.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0057.07 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (2255KB) ( 29 )   In water emergency rescue tasks, the effective range of optical imaging devices is often severely limited or may even fail due to water turbidity and light attenuation. Therefore, forward-looking sonar (FLS) has become a key sensor for detecting underwater human targets. However, FLS images are affected by severe speckle noise and multipath effects, while annotated human acoustic data are extremely scarce, resulting in high missed-detection rates and poor generalization under small-sample conditions. targeting human body sonar imaging characteristic, a physics-guided human target detection algorithm based on an improved YOLO11n network is proposed for underwater forward-looking sonar images in small-sample scenarios. A Wavelet-based Downsample Block (WDB) is introduced into backbone network to suppress frequency-domain noise and preserve target contours. A Shadow-aware Holistic Acoustic Attention (SHAA) module is designed to jointly model highlight echoes and acoustic shadows, so that sonar imaging priors can be injected into deep features. A Dynamic Acoustic-Context Module (DACM) is further used to capture diverse human target shapes through dual-branch geometric modeling. Experiments on a self-collected underwater human dataset show that mAP50 is improved by up to 35.6% compared with YOLO11n, while the number of parameters is increased by only 3.1%. Missed and false detections are reduced while real-time performance is maintained, providing an effective approach for rapid underwater human target detection in water emergency rescue tasks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on safety distance and protective strategies for mobile emergency flares under combined thermal-noise exposure Chen Hongliang, Shen Jianguo 2026, 45 (8):  64-70.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0064.07 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (1372KB) ( 30 )   To investigate the impact of the coupled thermal radiation and noise effects of mobile emergency flares on safe distances and personnel protection strategies, this study adopted a combined method of engineering simulation and theoretical analysis. The thermal radiation and noise impact ranges of a flare of a given specification under different operating conditions were explored, and a quantitative method for determining the minimum on-site safe distance based on work duration, along with a classified personnel protection strategy, was proposed. The results show that, in the absence of protective measures, the noise-determined safe distance of the flare is significantly greater than the thermal radiation-determined safe distance. The minimum safe distance can be defined according to work duration: for long-term operations, the impact distance corresponding to the 85 dB(A) noise limit is defined as the minimum safe distance; for medium-term operations, the impact distance corresponding to the equivalent noise exposure limit is adopted as the minimum safe distance; and for short-term operations, the safe distance corresponding to a downwind thermal radiation intensity of 1.58 kW/m² is taken as the minimum safe distance. In non-safe zones, it is necessary to first identify the thermal radiation intensity and noise sound pressure level at the location, and then determine the protection priorities and strategies based on the duration of stay. Thus, delimiting flare safe distances based on the coupled thermal-noise impact ranges and work duration, and implementing zoned and classified protection measures, can effectively reduce the risk of injury to on-site personnel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of a 5G-based intelligent drying control system for fire hoses Song Kai, Ji Xu, Zhang Hengyuan, Feng Yiran 2026, 45 (8):  71-79.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0071.09 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (2954KB) ( 41 )   In order to solve the problem of firefighters drying and coiling fire hoses after firefighting operations, this research develops an intelligent fire hose drying device, combined with the detection characteristics of temperature, humidity, and light sensors, and utilizes 5G technology to build a terminal monitoring and control analysis cloud platform covering the information layer, control layer, and equipment layer. Through drying simulation tests and light characteristic tests, the correlation between sensor data and the drying control system is clarified, and the fitting function curve between light intensity and voltage is proposed. The test results show that the intelligent fire hose drying device and its control system can increase the average drying efficiency of fire hoses by 7.14 times compared with traditional drying methods. Experimental verification shows that the device improves drying efficiency, standardizes the drying process, reduces hose wear and consumption, and thereby extends its service life in practical applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of different drying conditions on the performance of fire hose drying system Wang Zixin, Liu Long, Liu Hao, Xu Shilong 2026, 45 (8):  80-86.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0080.07 Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (1794KB) ( 52 )   The performance of fire hose directly affects the fire extinguishing efficiency and rescue safety in fire and rescue. Proper drying can prolong the service life, improve operational reliability and reduce costs. To address the problems of high energy consumption and long processing cycles of conventional drying methods, this study proposes a collaborative drying technology that integrates infrared radiation with air source heat pump. Four comparative experimental protocols were designed (infrared drying, heat pump-infrared segmented drying, infrared-heat pump segmented drying, infrared-heat pump combined drying). A quantitative evaluation system including power consumption, SMER and MER was established to investigate the influence mechanism of different operating parameters on drying efficiency. Experimental results show that when the heat pump-infrared segmented drying mode (infrared temperature 35 ℃, mode conversion time 1.5 h) is adopted, the comprehensive performance of the system is the best. Total energy consumption is reduced to 4.74 kWh, SMER increases to 1.35 kg/kWh, and MER reaches 2.56 kg/h, representing a 27.3% reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional heat pump drying. The parameter optimization scheme proposed in this study can reduce the operating costs of the fire hose drying system and promote the sustainable use of fire hose, offering significant environmental value. Related Articles | Metrics

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A determination threshold model for fire detection based on multivariate parameter fusion and experimental study Liu Zhaoke, Huang Xiaojia, Lu Jinsuo, Xie Shuibo, Liu Guangyang, Li Ziru 2026, 45 (8):  87-97.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0087.11 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (2895KB) ( 28 )   In order to improve the judgment accuracy of fire detection, this study proposed an intelligent fire judgment model based on multivariate data fusion for the first time, integrating wind speed, temperature and fire scale, breaking through the traditional single parameter limitation. Firstly, the determination principle and response threshold of smoke sensing and temperature sensing flame detector are analyzed, and the application characteristics and limitations of various detectors are clarified. Subsequently, fire entity tests of wood stacks with various ignition methods and different ignition positions were carried out in a space with a net height of 3 m. The results show that the response time of the detector is positively correlated with the distance of the fire source, that is, the farther the distance, the longer the response time, and the ignition mode has little influence on the response time. The smoke detector can accurately determine the fire when the critical wind speed is 0.15 m/s, and the temperature detector can trigger the alarm when the ambient temperature reaches 67 ℃. Finally, a mathematical model of fire judgment is constructed based on AHP, and the test results are brought into the formula to obtain the comprehensive fire judgment threshold of the test scene， which is Y=0.781. When the actual value exceeds this threshold, it is judged as a fire. The formula combines the parameters of wind speed, temperature and fire size, and verifies that the error range is less than 15%. This study provides the test basis for the accuracy evaluation of the fire detector and has important significance for the comprehensive evaluation of the detector performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental investigation of the effect of fuel type and load on the spread characteristics of upslope surface fires Sun Long, Qi Zhenbo, Guo Hanwen 2026, 45 (8):  98-106.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0098.09 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (3175KB) ( 28 )   The propagation of forest fires is primarily characterized by surface fires. A substantial body of research has been devoted to investigating surface fires, with particular attention paid to the interactive effects of low slope angles and wind on their propagation characteristics. In contrast, studies on the coupled effects of fuel load and slope on surface fire spread characteristics remain relatively limited. In this study, a slope‑adjustable experimental setup was used to conduct comparative experiments on surface fire spread under varying slope angles (0°, 20°, 30°, 40°), fuel loads (0.8, 1.0, 1.2 kg/m²), and fuel types (Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica). Quantitative analyses were performed on the evolution of fire front shape, flame geometry parameters, rate of fire spread, and flame plume temperature. The results revealed that the time required for the fireline pinch‑shaped front to transition from its initial state to a steady state during surface fire spread on a variable slope exhibited a negative correlation with slope angle. When the slope angle was below 30°, its influence on the flame inclination angle was relatively weak; however, when the slope angle exceeded 30°, this influence became even less pronounced. Additionally, fuel type notably affected both the spread rate and flame length. Under identical operating conditions, the flame length and spread rate of Pinus koraiensis were greater than those of Quercus mongolica. The spread rate increased significantly when the slope angle exceeded 30°. Furthermore, correlation analysis was used to evaluate the effects of slope angle and fuel load on the characteristic parameters of fire spread. The results showed that slope angle significantly influenced flame angle, flame length, spread rate, and combustion temperature, whereas fuel load mainly determined flame length, spread rate, and combustion temperature. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of the development of pneumatic fire extinguishers used in forest-grassland firefighting Zhu Guoqing, Zhang Yudie, Chen Fanbao 2026, 45 (8):  107-114.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0107.08 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (1626KB) ( 29 )   Against the global backdrop of frequent forest-grassland fires, the pneumatic fire extinguishers have emerged as essential equipment for grassroots firefighting in China due to their superior portability and terrain adaptability, although persistent bottlenecks such as the difficulty in controlling reignition, excessive vibration and noise, and limited endurance remain. In this paper, the pneumatic fire extinguishing mechanism, equipment evolution, and future development directions are systematically reviewed. It is demonstrated that the extinguishing process is achieved through three stages comprising the removal of combustible volatiles, heat supply interruption, and combustion reaction termination via high-speed airflow. Nevertheless, quantitative research is currently constrained by inconsistent parameter standards and the absence of universal models for complex scenarios, making it difficult to provide accurate support for equipment optimization. In China, pneumatic fire extinguishers have progressed through phases of functional realization, integrated expansion, and performance optimization, achieving significant advancements in structural design, the synergistic application of fire extinguishing agents, and noise reduction, though system integration and technology development remain insufficient. It is proposed that future technological breakthroughs should prioritize battery power upgrades and synergistic innovation with aerogel fire extinguishing agents, while simultaneously bridging the gaps between quantitative theory and engineering application. This study is intended to provide a theoretical and practical reference for technological innovation and engineering application of pneumatic fire extinguishers, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of forest and grassland fire suppression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Refined simulation analysis of forest fires based on digital twin technology Song Yang, Liu Zehong 2026, 45 (8):  115-122.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0115.08 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (2789KB) ( 29 )   Forest fires are major natural disasters worldwide, posing severe threats to the ecological environments, human lives and property. To address forest fires more effectively, this study introduces the concept of digital twins and employs the fire dynamic simulation software PyroSim, coupling five factors: ignition points, slope, wind speed, relative humidity and ambient temperature. A microscopic forest fire scenario in Pinus yunnanensis forests is constructed for refined simulations, aiming to investigate the influence of these factors on forest fire spread and to analyze the dynamics fire development process. A sliced dynamic simulation method is proposed to mitigate the lag issues in simulations under fixed environmental parameters and initial fire source conditions. The research results indicate that the digital twin-driven sliced dynamic simulation can reflect the actual behavioral characteristics of forest fires in a more realistic and efficient manner, thereby providing an important references for the study of forest fire suppression strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on psychological factors affecting firefighters' wayfinding task performance Zhong Xia, Wang Jingyi, Yan Yu, Zuo Yun, Ge Guang, Zhao Jinzhen 2026, 45 (8):  123-128.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0123.06 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (1010KB) ( 47 )   With the increasing complexity of building structures, firefighters face greater wayfinding challenges during internal rescue missions. This study aimed to explore the effects of psychological factors, including sense of direction, spatial anxiety, spatial navigation strategies, and mental rotation ability, on firefighters’ wayfinding performance, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing firefighter selection and training. Fifty-eight male frontline firefighters from Shanghai and Jiangsu were selected as participants. Psychological characteristics were measured using Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD), Spatial Anxiety Scale (SAS), Wayfinding Strategy Scale (WSS), and Mental Rotation Test (MRT). Wayfinding performance was assessed through a self-developed virtual maze task. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression models. Results show that, sense of direction significantly influenced wayfinding performance, with the high-directional group completing tasks faster; Among spatial navigation strategies, the survey-strategy group performed best, while the route-strategy group performed worst; Spatial anxiety had no significant effect on performance; Mental rotation ability showed a significant positive impact. Sense of direction, survey strategy, and mental rotation ability are critical psychological factors for enhancing firefighters' wayfinding efficiency in complex environments, while the impact of spatial anxiety is context-dependent. It is recommended to incorporate spatial cognition assessments in firefighter selection and strengthen survey-strategy training through targeted programs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on influencing factors of psychological and physiological states in firefighters' smoke-heat training Tao Pengyu, Song Wenqi, Jiang Qianye, Gao Rui 2026, 45 (8):  129-133.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0129.05 Abstract ( 46 )   PDF (2921KB) ( 33 )   To analyze the potential factors influencing the psychological and physiological states of firefighters during smoke and heat training, this study employed an intelligent smoke and heat training device for firefighters and utilized a feature data correlation analysis model. By collecting 16 indicators (including heart rate, electroencephalogram, and heart rate variability) from 100 firefighters during smoke and heat training, the research explored the factors affecting their psychological and physiological states in such training. The results showed that both age and firefighters' daily psychological states had a p-value less than 0.01 with their psychological states during smoke and heat training, indicating that younger firefighters were more prone to psychological problems during training, and regulating their daily psychological states could alleviate psychological pressure during smoke and heat training. The p-value for years of service versus training duration was 0.054, with a regression coefficient of -19.494, indicating that firefighters with longer service experience exhibited shorter training durations. The p-value for resting heart rate and training oxygen consumption was merely 0.016, with a regression coefficient of -0.128, indicating that firefighters with lower resting heart rates exhibited reduced oxygen consumption. The p-value for body weight and training duration exceeded 0.5, suggesting a relatively insignificant correlation between the two variables. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on demand prediction of emergency supplies for typhoon disasters Jia Hongchen, Chen Qinpei, Wang Haoxuan, Luo Hao 2026, 45 (8):  134-139.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0134.06 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (851KB) ( 90 )   To address the challenge of emergency supplies demand forecasting in the early stages of typhoon disasters, where data are often incomplete and traditional methods are highly dependent on prior assumptions, this paper innovatively optimizes a case-based reasoning forecasting model. First, the entropy weight method and principal component analysis are integrated to determine the weights of disaster characteristic attributes, and case similarity is calculated through weighted distance metrics. Second, a random forest regression model is introduced, which incorporates demographic and socioeconomic indicators, to construct an event-outcome-based case revision mechanism. Furthermore, a multi-case weighted comprehensive reasoning approach is adopted to predict disaster consequences, and the total demand is estimated by integrating established material supply standards. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively forecast emergency material needs under data-scarce conditions. It is operationally straightforward and highly adaptable, providing reliable support for emergency decision-making and material allocation during the initial disaster response phase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital intelligence empowerment for fire law enforcement: Concept renewal and path optimization Ma Yixuan 2026, 45 (8):  140-146.  doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0140.07 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (750KB) ( 56 )   Based on the functional positioning of fire rescue agencies, this paper focuses on the dimension of administrative law enforcement in response to the requirement of "deepening fire control law enforcement reform". Using relevant data from the fire control law enforcement business environment assessment index system established in the 2020 Fire control law enforcement business environment assessment report as the analytical source, combined with information collected from regional research interviews, this paper identifies existing issues that hinder the optimization of the business environment, such as weak intelligence in fire control approvals, weak standardization in case handling, weak scientificity in fire investigations, and weak standardization in supervision and inspection. Through an analysis of the characteristics of various fire control operations and in conjunction with the practical aspects of fire control law enforcement, the paper proposes measures to promote the digital transformation of administrative licensing, establish standardized procedures for case handling, strengthen the full-process standardization of fire investigations, innovate technological empowerment for supervision and inspection, and align the innovation of legal concepts with the transformation of the digital and intelligent era, thereby contributing fire control efforts to optimizing the business environment. Related Articles | Metrics