主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 27-33.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.06.0027.07

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基于应变参量的锂离子电池热失控监测预警技术研究

张晋1,2,3, 马畅1,2,3, 刘冰汐1,2,3, 卓萍1,2,3   

  1. （1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.电化学能源消防安全联合创新应急管理部重点实验室，北京 102000； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-26 修回日期:2025-05-22 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 作者简介:张晋，应急管理部天津消防研究所第四研究室，副研究员，主要从事锂离子电池监测预警方面的研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFE0207400）；天津市自然科学基金联合基金项目（多元投入）（24JCYBJC 00190）；应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2023SJ02）；内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目（2024JBGS0053）

Research on monitoring and early warning technology for thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery based on strain parameters

Zhang Jin1,2,3, Ma Chang1,2,3, Liu Bingxi1,2,3, Zhuo Ping1,2,3   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy and Fire Safety Joint Innovation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102000, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Received:2025-03-26 Revised:2025-05-22 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-15

摘要： 为防范电池热失控火灾风险，选用280 Ah方形磷酸铁锂电池，研究了基于应变参量的锂离子电池热失控早期监测预警技术，获取了不同试验条件下应变参量与电压和温度参量的变化关系。结果表明：应变传感器能够准确捕捉到锂离子电池在热失控早期的膨胀变化。在过充至热失控环境下，相比于电压和温度参量，应变参量能够最先达到最大幅值。在加热至热失控环境下，相比于电压和温度参量，应变参量变化速度更快且最先达到最大幅值。综合比较，在热失控孕育阶段，应变参量具有较好的灵敏度和响应程度。因此，采用应变参量能够实现对锂离子电池热失控的早期监测预警，且具有变化快、准确度高、安装方便、成本低等优点。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电池模组, 应变, 热失控, 状态监测

Abstract: To prevent the risk of battery thermal runaway fire, 280 Ah square lithium iron phosphate batteries were selected for the study of strain parameter-based monitoring and early warning technology for thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery. The variation of strain parameters with respect to voltage and temperature parameters under different test conditions was obtained. The results show that the strain sensor can accurately capture the expansion changes of the lithium-ion battery in the early stage of thermal runaway. In overcharge to thermal runaway environments, the strain parameter reaches its maximum magnitude first compared to the voltage and temperature parameters. In heating to thermal runaway environments, the strain parameter changes faster and reaches its maximum magnitude first compared to the voltage and temperature parameters. In a comprehensive comparison, the strain parameter have a better degree of sensitivity and response during the thermal runaway gestation phase. Therefore, using strain parameters can achieve early monitoring and warning of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway, and has the advantages of rapid change, high accuracy, easy installation, and low cost.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, battery module, strain, thermal runaway, status monitoring