主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 87-97.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0087.11

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多元参数融合的火灾探测判定阈值模型及试验研究

刘兆科1, 黄晓家1,2, 卢金锁1, 谢水波3, 刘广阳2, 李自茹1   

  1. （1.西安建筑科技大学 环境与市政工程学院，陕西 西安 710055； 2.中国中元国际工程有限公司，北京 100089； 3.南华大学 土木工程学院，湖南 衡阳 421001）
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-25 修回日期:2025-09-09 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-15
  • 作者简介:刘兆科，西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事消防火灾研究，陕西省西安市碑林区雁塔北路13号，710055。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3002304）；北京市科技服务业专项（20250467595）

A determination threshold model for fire detection based on multivariate parameter fusion and experimental study

Liu Zhaoke1, Huang Xiaojia1,2, Lu Jinsuo1, Xie Shuibo3, Liu Guangyang2, Li Ziru1   

  1. (1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710055, China; 2. China Zhongyuan International Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100089, China; 3. School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China)
  • Received:2025-04-25 Revised:2025-09-09 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-15

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摘要： 为了提高火灾探测的判定精度，本研究提出了一种基于多元数据融合的火灾判定模型，融合风速、温度及火灾规模参数，突破传统单一参数限制。首先，对感烟、感温和火焰探测器的判定原理及响应阈值进行分析，明确了各类探测器的应用特点与局限性。随后，在净高3 m的空间内，开展了多种点火方式和不同点火位置的木垛火灾试验。研究结果表明，探测器的响应时间与火源距离相关，即距离越远，响应时间越慢，而点火方式对响应时间的影响较小。感烟探测器在临界风速0.15 m/s时能准确判定火灾，感温探测器在环境温度达到67 ℃时触发报警。最后基于层次分析法构建了火灾判定数学模型，将试验结果代入公式中，得到了试验场景的综合火灾判定阈值为Y=0.781，当实际值超过此阈值时判定为火灾。该公式综合了风速、温度和火灾规模参数，并验证了其误差范围在15%以内。本研究为火灾探测器性能的综合评估及早期精准报警提供了新的方法和依据，对综合评价探测器性能具有重要意义。

关键词: 探测器, 火灾判定, 响应阈值, 火灾试验, 数学模型

Abstract: In order to improve the judgment accuracy of fire detection, this study proposed an intelligent fire judgment model based on multivariate data fusion for the first time, integrating wind speed, temperature and fire scale, breaking through the traditional single parameter limitation. Firstly, the determination principle and response threshold of smoke sensing and temperature sensing flame detector are analyzed, and the application characteristics and limitations of various detectors are clarified. Subsequently, fire entity tests of wood stacks with various ignition methods and different ignition positions were carried out in a space with a net height of 3 m. The results show that the response time of the detector is positively correlated with the distance of the fire source, that is, the farther the distance, the longer the response time, and the ignition mode has little influence on the response time. The smoke detector can accurately determine the fire when the critical wind speed is 0.15 m/s, and the temperature detector can trigger the alarm when the ambient temperature reaches 67 ℃. Finally, a mathematical model of fire judgment is constructed based on AHP, and the test results are brought into the formula to obtain the comprehensive fire judgment threshold of the test scene， which is Y=0.781. When the actual value exceeds this threshold, it is judged as a fire. The formula combines the parameters of wind speed, temperature and fire size, and verifies that the error range is less than 15%. This study provides the test basis for the accuracy evaluation of the fire detector and has important significance for the comprehensive evaluation of the detector performance.

Key words: fire detector, fire identification, response threshold, fire test, mathematical model