圆柱形锂电池热失控灾害行为与烟气特性研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 908-912.

圆柱形锂电池热失控灾害行为与烟气特性研究

向硕凌，陈现涛，王海斌，孙强

（中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院，四川广汉 618300）

收稿日期:2020-02-18 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-15
作者简介:向硕凌(1986-)，男，四川德阳人，中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院工程师，硕士，主要从事航空航天科学与工程、计算机软件及计算机应用、安全科学与灾害防治研究，四川省广汉市南昌路 46 号，618300。
基金资助:
科技部国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0809506）

The study of the cylindrical lithium - ion battery thermal runaway and smoke characteristics

XIANG Shuo - ling, CHEN Xian - tao, WANG Hai - bin, SUN Qiang

(College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Sichuan Guanghan 618300, China)

Received:2020-02-18 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究圆柱型锂电池在不同热失控方式下所产生灾害行为及烟气组分等灾害特性参数，通过动压变温舱与 9705 热释放及烟气测试平台，以电加热触发 18650 型锂离子电池热失控反应，采集热失控过程行为特征、烟气组分与密度等参数，研究喷燃、抛燃、爆燃及炸裂等热失控行为下的灾害参数特性。研究表明，喷燃形式下烟气中碳氢化合物、CO 等易燃气体含量最高且烟雾密度较大；抛燃和爆燃形式下热释放速率较大高温危险性较高，但烟气密度及 CO、CnHx 等可燃气体含量相对较低；炸裂最为剧烈危险。

关键词: 锂电池安全, 热失控灾害, 燃爆行为, 烟气组分, 热释放速率

Abstract: In order to revealed the cylindrical lithium - ion battery fire behaviors and smoke characteristics under different thermal runaway process, the thermal runaway tests of 18650 lithium batteries were conducted, through the combustion chamber and 9705 systems. The parameters of thermal runaway behaviors, smoke composition and density were obtained, during the thermal runaway process of gases ejection, jet combustion and explosion. The results showed that, the concentration of hydrocarbon, CO and other flammable gases were higher in the process of jet combustion. The higher fire temperature and explosion hazard were obtained under the thermal runaway way of explosion - combustion, but the smoke density and CO, CnHx gas content was lower. Burst is the most severe and dangerous.

Key words: lithium - ion battery safety, thermal runaway, explosion and combustion behaviors;smoke composition, heat release rate

中图分类号:

X924.4，TU892

向硕凌, 陈现涛, 王海斌, 孙强. 圆柱形锂电池热失控灾害行为与烟气特性研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(7): 908-912.

XIANG Shuo - ling, CHEN Xian - tao, WANG Hai - bin, SUN Qiang. The study of the cylindrical lithium - ion battery thermal runaway and smoke characteristics[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2020, 39(7): 908-912.