主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1556-1562.

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基于缓冲区分析的云南省文山州森林火灾分布研究

王何晨阳，赵 恒，高仲亮，魏建珩   

  1. （西南林业大学 土木工程学院，云南 昆明 650224）
  • 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2022-11-15
  • 作者简介:王何晨阳（1999- ），男，湖南永州人，西南林业大学土木工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事林火管理研究，云南省昆明市白龙寺300号，650224。
  • 基金资助:
    ：国家自然科学基金项目（31860214，31960318）；云南省农业联合面上项目（202101BD070001-094）；北京林业大学中央高校基本科研专项基金项目（BFUKF202107）

A study on the distribution of forest fires in Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan province based on buffer zone analysis

Wang Hechenyang, Zhao Heng, Gao Zhongliang, Wei Jianheng   

  1. (School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Kunming 650224, China)
  • Online:2022-11-15 Published:2022-11-15

摘要： 为研究文山州森林火灾分布特征，选取2012-2019年文山州森林火灾数据，采用ArcGIS的缓冲区分析与叠加分析方法探究居民点、道路、水系、GDP与森林火灾的关系，绘制火点分布图，建立居民点缓冲区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区，道路缓冲区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区，水系缓冲区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区，和4个GDP缓冲区，剖析云南省文山州森林火灾分布特征。结果表明：文山州道路缓冲区Ⅱ区、居民点缓冲区Ⅱ区、水系缓冲区Ⅲ区、GDP缓冲区Ⅰ区发生森林火灾的次数最多，火灾风险等级最高；2012-2015年和2016-2019年森林火灾次数在居民点、道路和水系缓冲区内均服从正态分布，道路、居民缓冲区Ⅱ区森林火灾次数分别占60.28%、62.30%，53.73%、59.01%，缓冲区Ⅰ、Ⅲ区均在28%以下；水系缓冲区Ⅲ区分别占37.85%、39.34%，其他区域呈阶梯式下降，2012-2015年文山州水系缓冲区林火次数Ⅱ区>Ⅳ区>Ⅰ区，2016-2019年Ⅳ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区。2012-2019年平均火灾下降率排序为GDP缓冲区>水系缓冲区>居民点缓冲区>道路缓冲区。GDP缓冲区Ⅱ区、居民点缓冲区Ⅲ区、水系缓冲区Ⅰ区森林火灾数量下降率最高，分别是89.74%、83.67%、80%。因此，森林火灾防控管理优先级为道路缓冲区>居民点缓冲区>水系缓冲区>GDP缓冲区；可优先考虑道路缓冲区Ⅱ区、居民点缓冲区Ⅱ区、水系缓冲区Ⅲ区、GDP缓冲区Ⅰ区的森林火灾防控。研究可为文山州及云南省森林火灾防范提供技术支持。

关键词: 森林火灾, 空间缓冲区分析, 叠加分析, 正态分布

Abstract: To study the distribution characteristics of forest fires in Wenshan prefecture, forest fire data in Wenshan prefecture from 2012-2019 were selected, and the relationship between residential, roads, river systems, GDP and forest fires was explored using buffer zone analysis and overlay analysis of ArcGIS, and fire distribution maps were drawn to establish residential buffer zones Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, road buffer zones Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, river system buffer Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and four GDP buffer zones to analyze the distribution characteristics of forest fires in Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan province. Results showed that, forest fires occurred most frequently in road buffer zone II, residential buffer zone II, river system buffer zone III, and GDP buffer zone I, with the highest fire risk level. During 2012-2015 and 2016-2019, the number of forest fires obeyed a normal distribution within the residential, road and river system buffers. The number of forest fires in road and residential buffer zone II accounted for 60.28%, 62.30%, 53.73% and 59.01%, respectively, and the number of forest fires in buffer zones I and III were below 28%; the number of forest fires in river system buffer zone III accounted for 37.85% and 39.34%, respectively. Other regions are stepped down, it shows that the order of the number of forest fires in Wenshan prefecture river system buffer zone in the first time period is zone Ⅱ > zone Ⅳ > zone Ⅰ, and zone Ⅳ > zone Ⅱ > zone Ⅰ in the second time period. The average fire decline rate from 2012 to 2019 was ranked as GDP buffer > river system buffer >residential buffer > road buffer. the highest forest fire decline rates were 89.74%, 83.67%, and 80% in GDP buffer zone II, residential buffer zone III, and river system buffer zone I, respectively. The priority of forest fire prevention and control is road buffer >residential buffer > river system buffer > GDP buffer; the priority of forest fire prevention and control should be in road buffer zone II, residential buffer zone II, river system buffer zone III, and GDP buffer zone I. The study can provide technical support for forest fire prevention in Wenshan prefecture and Yunnan province.

Key words: forest fire, spatial buffer analysis, overlay analysis, normal distribution