主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 471-476.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池在货架仓储中的火灾蔓延规律研究

蒋 绩1，刘 强1,2，汪志兴3，解孝民4   

  1. （1.中山大学 智能工程学院, 广东 深圳 518107； 2.中山大学 广汽研究院智慧交通与人工智能联合实验室，广东 广州 510006； 3.深圳市宝安区松岗街道办，广东 深圳 518000； 4.广东玛西尔电动科技有限公司，广东 肇庆 523268）
  • 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-15
  • 作者简介:蒋 绩（1999- ），男，中山大学智能工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事结构和系统安全研究，广东省深圳市公常路66号，518107。
  • 基金资助:
    ：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515010692, 2020A1515110160)；肇庆市西江创新创业团队与领军人才项目；教育部产学合作协同育人项目（220605329072033）

Study on fire spreading law of lithium-ion battery in storage shelf

Jiang Ji1，Liu Qiang1,2，Wang Zhixing3，Xie Xiaomin4   

  1. （1. School of Intelligent System Engineering, SunYat-Sen University, Guangdong Shenzhen 518000, China; 2. GAC Research Institute Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation and Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Guangzhou 510006, China; 3. Songgang Street Office of Baoan District in Shenzhen, Guangdong Shenzhen 518000, China; 4. Guangdong Marshell Electric Technology Company, Guangdong Zhaoqing 523268, China）
  • Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-15

摘要： 采用PyroSim火灾仿真软件开展了锂离子电池在货架仓储中的火灾仿真研究，分析了不同起火部位下的火灾蔓延规律，并据此提出了防火策略。首先建立锂离子电池模型并对其进行验证，利用验证后的模型开展不同起火部位下锂电池货架火灾仿真研究，分析其喷淋启动时间、火焰熄灭时间、燃尽锂电池组数量、温度及CO体积分数变化规律。然后基于火灾蔓延规律，设计防火策略，对比了无阻燃隔板、阻燃隔板安装于锂电池组左右两侧、安装于锂电池组四侧的火灾蔓延抑制效果。研究表明：四层锂电池货架中起火部位越低，燃尽锂电池组数量越多，火灾中所释放的CO体积分数越高，持续释放的时间越久，货架底层起火时CO持续释放时间比顶层起火时多出54%；不同防火方式中，安装于锂电池组左右侧的阻燃隔板对于火焰抑制效果最佳。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 火灾, 仓储货架, 数值模拟, 消防

Abstract: The numerical simulation of lithium-ion battery fires in storage shelf was conducted using PyroSim software. The law of fire spread under different positions was analyzed, and corresponding fire prevention strategies were proposed. Firstly, the simulation model of the lithium-ion battery was established and verified, which was used to carry out the numerical investigation of the lithium-ion battery fires in storage shelf under different fire positions. The start time of spray, extinguishing time of fires, number of lithium-ion battery packs burned out, temperature and CO concentration were analyzed. Then, fire prevention strategies were developed based on the law of fire spread. The fire spread suppression effect of no flame baffle, flame baffles installed on the left and right sides of lithium battery pack and four sides of lithium battery pack were compared. The result showed that the lower the fire position in the four-layer shelf, the more lithium-ion battery packs burned out, and the higher the concentration of CO released in the fire. The duration of CO released was 54% more when the bottom of shelf was on fire than when the top of shelf was on fire. Among the different fire protection methods, the flame baffles installed on the left and right sides of the lithium battery pack had the best flame suppression effect.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, fire, storage shelf, numerical simulation, fire protection