储油罐可燃气体泄漏扩散行为研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 483-488.

储油罐可燃气体泄漏扩散行为研究

陈艳秋1,2，聂一凡1，李涛1，陈俊敏1

（1.西南交通大学消防工程系，四川成都 611756；2.油气消防四川省重点实验室，四川成都 611731）

出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-15
作者简介:陈艳秋（1989— ），女，西南交通大学消防工程系讲师，硕士研究生导师，主要从事建筑消防与工业消防研究，四川省成都市犀安路999号，611756。
基金资助:
油气消防四川省重点实验室开放基金（KYL202203-0009）；四川省科技厅重点研发项目（2023YFS0405）

Study on the leaking and diffusion behavior of combustible gas from oil storage tanks

Chen Yanqiu1,2, Nie Yifan1, Li Tao1, Chen Junmin1

（1. Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 611756, China; 2. Oil & Gas Fire Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chengdu 611731, China）

Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 设定不同的环境条件，通过数值模拟研究不同油罐结构内不同油品类型的可燃气体扩散规律。结果表明，轻质油在固定顶罐和外浮顶罐中的最大泄漏量分别达到重质油的65.8倍和48.2倍。对于轻质油，固定顶罐的泄漏性远大于浮顶罐结构，与固定顶罐相比，内浮顶罐和外浮顶罐的泄漏量分别减少约98%和35%；三种油罐结构对于重质油的存放安全性均相对较高。温度越高，可燃气体扩散得越快，0，20，40 ℃的可燃气体泄漏量与-20 ℃相比分别增加10%、23%、28%。环境风影响可燃气体挥发和被稀释的速度，风速越大，作用越明显，且正向风对可燃气体挥发和稀释的促进效果最强。

关键词: 储油罐, 油品泄漏, 可燃气扩散, 油品类型, 环境条件

Abstract: Different environmental conditions are set and the diffusion law of combustible gas for different oil types in different tank structures is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the maximum leakage of light oil reaches 65.8 times and 48.2 times of heavy oil in fixed-roof and external floating-roof tanks, respectively. For light oil, the leakiness of fixed-top tank is much larger than that of floating-roof tank structure, and compared with fixed-top tank, the leakiness of internal floating-roof tank and external floating-roof tank is reduced by about 98% and 35% respectively.The storage safety of all three tank structures for heavy oil is relatively high. The higher the temperature is, the faster the combustible gas diffusion is, and the amount of combustible gas leakage increases by 10%, 23% and 28% at 0, 20 and 40 ℃, respectively, compared with -20 ℃. Ambient wind affects the rate of combustible gas volatilization and dilution, the greater the wind speed, the more obvious the effect, and the strongest effect of positive wind on the volatilization and dilution of combustible gas.

Key words: storage tanks, oil leakage, combustible gas diffusion, oil type, environmental conditions

陈艳秋, 聂一凡, 李涛, 陈俊敏. 储油罐可燃气体泄漏扩散行为研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2023, 42(4): 483-488.

Chen Yanqiu, Nie Yifan, Li Tao, Chen Junmin. Study on the leaking and diffusion behavior of combustible gas from oil storage tanks[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2023, 42(4): 483-488.