主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 897-902.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池热失控过程中的烟气生成规律研究

周彪1, 王凯1, 任常兴2,3,4, 王正阳5   

  1. （1. 中国矿业大学（北京） 应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100091；2. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；3. 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；4. 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381；5. 武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院，湖北 武汉 430081）
  • 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-07-15
  • 作者简介:周 彪（1986- ），男，山西文水人，中国矿业大学（北京）应急管理与安全工程学院副教授,硕士生导师，主要从事含氟气体及建筑火灾教学和科研工作，北京市海淀区区学院路丁11号，100091。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：北京市科技新星计划（Z211100002121102）；四川省重点研发计划项目（2022YFS0529）

Study on the composition and formation mechanism of smoke during thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries

Zhou Biao1, Wang Kai1, Ren Changxing2,3,4, Wang Zhengyang5   

  1. (1. School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100091, China;2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China) 5. College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei Wuhan 430081, China)
  • Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-07-15

摘要： 为研究热失控传播过程中的烟气成分构成及浓度变化情况，使用3种常用不同直径（10440型、14500型、18650型）的圆柱形三元锂离子电池作为试验对象，分析电池能量密度和不同荷电状态对热失控传播过程中的烟气成分构成及相应生成总量的影响机制。研究结果表明：气体生成量的最大值基本上对应各电池达到热失控的峰值温度点，HF和HCl等酸性不可燃气体质量浓度曲线的变化趋势基本相似，NO2、NH3、N2O和CO等相对易燃性气体质量浓度曲线的变化趋势基本相似；锂电池热失控传播过程中的NO2、NH3、N2O和CO等可燃性气体成分生成量与热失控传播时长呈正相关的关系；而HCl和HF等不可燃酸性气体生成量则与电池能量密度和荷电状态呈正相关的关系；最终通过线性系数拟合法，得出了电池热失控传播过程中的酸性气体生成量的预测模型。

关键词:

"> 三元锂离子电池；烟气组分；能量密度；SOC；热失控传播时间

Abstract: In order to explore the composition and concentration changes of smoke during thermal runaway propagation, three commonly used cylindrical ternary lithium-ion batteries with different diameters (10440 type, 14500 type and 18650 type) were used as experimental objects, and the influence mechanisms of battery energy density and different states of charge on the composition of smoke components and the corresponding total amount of generation during thermal runaway propagation were analyzed. The results show that the maximum value of gas mass generation basically corresponds to the peak temperature point at which each cell reaches thermal runaway, the trends of acidic non-flammable gas concentration curves such as HF and HCl are basically similar, and the trends of relatively flammable gas mass concentration curves such as NO2, NH3, N2O and CO are basically similar. The flammable NO2, NH3, N2O and CO in the thermal runaway propagation process of lithium batteries gas composition during the thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion battery is positively correlated with the thermal runaway propagation duration, while non-flammable acidic gases such as HCl and HF are positively correlated with the battery energy density and state of charge. Finally, the prediction model of acidic gas generation during the thermal runaway propagation of the battery is derived by the linear coefficient fitting method.

Key words:  ternary lithium-ion battery, smoke component, energy density, SOC, thermal runaway propagation time