采用电容电流隔离法防止配电网单相接地引起山林火灾

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1566-1572.

采用电容电流隔离法防止配电网单相接地引起山林火灾

刘健, 张小庆, 常小强, 张志华, 杨过

（国网陕西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，陕西西安 710100）

收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-08-27 出版日期:2025-10-23 发布日期:2025-10-23
作者简介:刘健，国网陕西省电力有限公司首席专家，教授级高工，博士生导师，主要从事配电网故障处理与电气安全方面的研究工作，陕西省西安市碑林区柿园路218号，710100，powersys@263.net。
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司总部科技项目（5108-202218280A-2-230-XG）

Using capacitor current isolation method to prevent forest fires caused by single-phase grounding in distribution networks

Liu Jian, Zhang Xiaoqing, Chang Xiaoqiang, Zhang Zhihua, Yang Guo

(State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute, Xi'an Shaanxi 710100, China)

Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-08-27 Online:2025-10-23 Published:2025-10-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了防止因穿越山林高火险区域的配电网单相接地故障引发山林火灾，论述了单相接地引发山林火灾的引燃条件，分析了单相接地时零序电压与系统电容电流的关系，提出一种对于中性点不接地、经消弧线圈接地和经小电阻接地系统都适用的防止配电网单相接地引起山林火灾的方法：采取隔离变压器将存在山火风险的配电线段的电容电流与系统电容电流隔离，在隔离变压器的下游配置一台具有自动化功能的智能开关，以降低有山火风险的线路区段的电容电流，从而提高单相接地检测的抗过渡电阻能力，防止因单相接地故障引起山火。讨论了差异化的隔离变压器与智能开关配置策略、继电保护配合和断线处理等技术问题。给出了真型试验结果和案例分析，表明所建议方法的可行性。

关键词: 配电网, 中性点不接地系统, 单相接地, 零序电压, 山林火灾

Abstract: To prevent bush fires caused by single-phase grounding faults in distribution networks crossing high fire-risk forest areas, the ignition conditions for forest fires caused by single-phase grounding is described. The relationship between zero-sequence voltage and system capacitive current during single-phase grounding is analyzed. An approach to prevent forest fires caused by single-phase grounding in distribution networks for isolated neutral systems, arc suppression coil grounding systems as well as small resistance grounding systems is proposed, which involves using an isolation transformer to isolate the capacitive current of the distribution feeder segment crossing fire-risk areas from the system's capacitive current, and configuring an automated intelligent switch downstream of the isolation transformer. This reduces the capacitive current in the feeder section crossing fire-risk areas, thereby enhancing the ability of single-phase grounding detection to withstand high transition resistance and preventing bush fires caused by single-phase grounding faults. Technical issues such as differentiated configuration strategies for isolation transformers and intelligent switches, relay protection coordination, and circuit broken down handling are discussed. Experiment results of full scale test and typical case demonstration show its feasibility.

Key words: distribution networks, isolated neutral system, single phase grounding, zero sequence voltage, bush fire

刘健, 张小庆, 常小强, 张志华, 杨过. 采用电容电流隔离法防止配电网单相接地引起山林火灾[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2025, 44(10): 1566-1572.

Liu Jian, Zhang Xiaoqing, Chang Xiaoqiang, Zhang Zhihua, Yang Guo. Using capacitor current isolation method to prevent forest fires caused by single-phase grounding in distribution networks[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2025, 44(10): 1566-1572.