主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1719-1724.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

光伏接线端子拉弧故障火灾调查与研究

张良1, 刘宗宏2, 黄盟1, 焦磊3, 陈克1   

  1. （1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津300382； 2.兰州市消防救援支队，甘肃 兰州 730010； 3.北京鉴衡认证中心有限公司，北京100013）
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-08-05 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-15
  • 作者简介:张 良，应急管理部天津消防研究所火灾物证鉴定中心，副研究员，主要从事电气火灾和车辆火灾研究，天津市西青区富兴路2号，300382。
  • 基金资助:
    应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2025SJ21）

Investigation and research on fire induced by arcing faults in photovoltaic connection terminals

Zhang Liang1, Liu Zonghong2, Huang Meng1, Jiao Lei3, Chen Ke1   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300382, China; 2. Lanzhou Fire and Rescue Division, Lanzhou Gansu 730010, China; 3. China General Certification Center, Beijing 100013, China)
  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-08-05 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-15

摘要： 光伏系统引发的火灾时有发生，由于光伏系统结构特殊，后台数据分析难且故障模式多样，给调查带来很多困扰。本文从一起厂房顶部光伏系统火灾案例入手，通过现场痕迹分析和物证提取等方法认定了起火部位和起火原因，通过等比例模拟试验进一步验证了事故成因。研究发现，光伏系统单相连接线端子接触不良拉弧引发的火灾具有以下特征：单相接线端子接触点会形成电弧痕迹，后台运行数据中电压、电流、漏电电流故障报警信息等均会出现异常。

关键词: 光伏系统, 接触不良, 电弧痕迹, 后台数据, 火灾调查

Abstract: Fires caused by photovoltaic (PV) systems occur from time to time. The special structure of PV systems, difficulties in background data analysis and diverse fault modes bring significant challenges to fire investigation. Starting from a fire case involving a rooftop PV system of a factory building, this paper identifies the fire origin and cause through on-site trace analysis and physical evidence collection, and further verifies the accident cause via a 1：1 scale simulation test. The study reveals that fires triggered by arcing due to poor contact at single-phase connection terminals of PV systems exhibit the following characteristics: arc marks are formed at the contact points of single-phase terminals, and abnormalities occur in the background operation data, such as fault alarm information related to voltage, current, and leakage current.

Key words: photovoltaic (PV) system, poor contact, arc mark, background data, fire investigation