消防直升机腹舱投水数值模拟及分析

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 98-105.

消防直升机腹舱投水数值模拟及分析

武英达¹, 安秋泽², 吴际², 黄江², 贺元骅²

（1.中国消防救援学院森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室北京 102202； 2.中国民用航空飞行学院民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室，四川德阳 618307）

收稿日期:2024-11-26 修回日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2026-02-11 发布日期:2026-02-15
作者简介:武英达，中国消防救援学院森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室，讲师，主要从事森林灭火指挥及技战术研究，北京市昌平区南雁路 4 号，102202，wydbjfu@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3006804）；国家自然科学基金民航联合基金重点项目（U2333210）

Numerical simulation and analysis of water dropping from the belly-cabin of fire-fighting helicopters

Wu Yingda¹, An Qiuze², Wu Ji², Huang Jiang², He Yuanhua²

(1. Shaoyang Fire and Rescue Division, Shaoyang Hunan 422000, China; 2. Yongzhou Fire and Rescue Division, Yongzhou Hunan 425002, China; 3. School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha Hunan 410114, China)

Received:2024-11-26 Revised:2025-03-31 Online:2026-02-11 Published:2026-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用基于VOF-DPM方法结合网格自适应加密技术的数值模拟手段，针对H-125直升机在3种空速（5、10、15 m/s）下腹舱投水过程展开研究。消防直升机腹舱投水过程中涉及灭火剂工质雾化的现象，表现为射流液柱产生液膜并破碎形成液带和液滴的过程。研究发现，在灭火剂的横向扩展方面，随着空速的小幅增加，空气相对于液体的速度增大，动量比减小，导致横向扩展的最大宽度增大，并随着纵向高度的下降，连续液相的横向扩展宽度呈现先增大后减小的趋势；在雾化液滴特性中，随着空速的小幅增加，液滴韦伯数（We）增大，液滴破碎更加剧烈。这具体体现为液滴破碎的临界直径逐渐减小，大直径液滴更容易破碎成小直径液滴，导致小直径液滴的相对频率增高。本研究为消防直升机投水作业提供了理论支撑，有助于深入理解投水过程和变化规律，对提高森林火灾的灭火效率具有重要意义。

关键词: 直升舱投水, VOF-DPM, 射流破碎, 横向扩展, 液滴雾化

Abstract: A numerical simulation method based on the VOF-DPM approach combined with adaptive mesh refinement technology was employed to investigate the water dropping process from the belly-cabin of the H-125 helicopter at three airspeeds (5, 10, 15 m/s). The water dropping process from the belly-cabin involves the atomization phenomenon of the fire extinguishing agent working fluid, which is manifested as the process of a jet liquid column generating a liquid film and breaking to form liquid bands and droplets. The study reveals that regarding the lateral expansion of the fire extinguishing agent, with slight increases in airspeed, the velocity of air relative to the liquid increases, causing the momentum ratio to decrease and resulting in increased maximum lateral expansion width. Additionally, as the longitudinal height decreases, the lateral expansion width of the continuous liquid phase exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. In the analysis of droplet characteristics, with slight increases in airspeed, the droplet Weber (We) number increases, leading to more intense droplet breakup. This is specifically manifested as the critical diameter for droplet breakup gradually decreasing, making large-diameter droplets more prone to breaking into small-diameter droplets, thereby causing the relative frequency of small-diameter droplets to increase. This study provides theoretical support for the water dropping operations of fire-fighting helicopters and facilitates a deeper understanding of the water dropping process and governing mechanisms, which is of great significance for improving forest fire extinguishing efficiency.

Key words: water-dropping from helicopter, VOF-DPM, liquid jet breakup, lateral expansion, droplet atomization

武英达, 安秋泽, 吴际, 黄江, 贺元骅. 消防直升机腹舱投水数值模拟及分析[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2026, 45(2): 98-105.

Wu Yingda, An Qiuze, Wu Ji, Huang Jiang, He Yuanhua. Numerical simulation and analysis of water dropping from the belly-cabin of fire-fighting helicopters[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2026, 45(2): 98-105.