主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 50-56.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

隧道单向大间距点式排烟纵向风速与排烟风速匹配研究

罗驰恒1,2, 张子迪3, 姜学鹏3   

  1. （1.中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，湖北 武汉430063； 2.水下隧道技术国家地方联合工程研究中心，湖北 武汉430063； 3.武汉科技大学消防安全研究中心，湖北 武汉 430081）
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 修回日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-15
  • 作者简介:罗驰恒，中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司工程师，主要从事隧道工程设计工作，湖北省武汉市武昌区和平大道745号，430063，tjulch@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2023YFB2603601）；国家自然科学基金项目（52376130，52476127）

Study on the matching of longitudinal wind speed and smoke exhaust wind speed for tunnel one-way large-spacing point-type smoke exhaust

Luo Chiheng1,2, Zhang Zidi3, Jiang Xuepeng3   

  1. (1. China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan Hubei 430063,China; 2. National-local Joint Engineering Research Center of Underwater Tunnelling Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430063, China; 3. Institute of Safety and Emergency, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430081, China)
  • Received:2024-11-11 Revised:2025-02-12 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-15

摘要： 为了明确隧道新型单向大间距点式协同排烟模式下的纵向风速与排烟风速之间的关系，本文定义了烟气蔓延安全距离，探讨了新型排烟模式下纵向风速和排烟风速对烟气蔓延距离的影响，结合数值模拟和缩尺寸模型试验，推导得到满足烟气蔓延安全距离的排烟风速和纵向风速的关系式，得出烟气蔓延距离与Fr数之间的关联。结果表明：根据上游烟气逆流长度Lup≤30 m与下游烟气溢出长度Ldown≤4H的结合分析发现，Lup随纵向风速增大而减小，但对Ldown影响规律不明显；Lup随排烟风速变化不明显，但Ldown随排烟风速增大逐渐减小；当火源上游30 m处Fr≤0.45、排烟口下游4H处Fr≤1.5时，烟气蔓延处于安全距离；无量纲排烟风速与无量纲纵向风速呈指数关系；利用缩尺寸模型试验，充分证明了数值模拟及无量纲关系式的可靠性。

关键词: 隧道, 纵向风速, 排烟风速, 数值模拟, 逆流长度, 溢出长度

Abstract: To clarify the relationship between longitudinal wind speed and smoke exhaust wind speed under the new one-way large-spacing point-type coordinated smoke exhaust mode in tunnels, this paper defines the safe distance of smoke spread, and discusses the effects of longitudinal wind speed and smoke exhaust wind speed on smoke spread distance under the new smoke exhaust mode. Combined with numerical simulation and scaled-down model tests, the relational expression of smoke exhaust wind speed and longitudinal wind speed satisfying the safe distance of smoke spread is derived, and the correlation between smoke spread distance and the Froude number (Fr) is obtained. The results of the combined analysis of the upstream smoke counterflow length Lup ≤ 30 m and the downstream smoke overflow length Ldown ≤ 4H show that, Lup decreases with the increase of longitudinal wind speed, while the influence law on Ldown is not obvious; the variation of Lup with smoke exhaust wind speed is not significant, whereas Ldown decreases gradually with the increase of smoke exhaust wind speed. When Fr≤0.45 at 30 m upstream of the fire source and Fr≤1.5 at 4H downstream of the smoke vent, the smoke spread is within the safe distance; the dimensionless smoke exhaust wind speed has an exponential relationship with the dimensionless longitudinal wind speed. The scaled-down model tests fully verify the reliability of the numerical simulation and the dimensionless relational expressions.

Key words: tunnel, longitudinal wind speed, smoke exhaust wind speed, numerical simulation, backflow length, overflow length