主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 62-69.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

大型铁路站房防火隔离带最小宽度计算与试验研究

畅若妮1,2, 张茹1,2   

  1. （1.中国建筑科学研究院有限公司建筑防火研究所，北京 100013； 2.建研防火科技有限公司，北京 100013）
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-06-30 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-15
  • 作者简介:畅若妮，中国建筑科学研究院有限公司建筑防火研究所，建研防火科技有限公司设计咨询部研究一室主任，高级工程师，主要从事消防设计咨询、消防安全评估等方面的研究，北京市朝阳区北三环东路30号，100013。

Calculation and experimental study on the minimum width of fire isolation zone for large-scale railway station buildings

Chang Ruoni1,2, Zhang Ru1,2   

  1. (1. Institute of Building Fire Research of China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China; 2. Jianyan Fire Prevention Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China)
  • Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-06-30 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-15

摘要： 选取行李火灾和商店火灾2种铁路站房内最可能发生的火灾类型进行实体试验，根据试验场地实际情况通过理论计算得出防火隔离带的最小宽度。大空间自然排烟开窗比例为3.5%，防火隔离带正上方开窗比例为20%。从烟气蔓延、烟气有毒组分、温度、热辐射强度等方面验证防火隔离带的防火分隔效果。结果表明，根据试验场地的实际情况计算得出的防火隔离带最小宽度为6 m。在行李火灾和商店火灾试验中，大部分烟气通过排烟窗排至室外，防火隔离带远离火源一侧的温度接近室温，热辐射强度几乎为0 kW/m2，防火隔离带可以起到有效防火分隔的作用。研究结果可为铁路站房防火隔离带方案的制定提供理论依据。

关键词: 防火隔离带, 铁路站房, 最小宽度值, 防火分隔

Abstract: Luggage fires and store fires most likely to occur in railway station buildings were selected for full-scale experiments. Based on the actual conditions of the test site, the minimum width of the fire isolation zone was calculated through theoretical methods. The natural smoke exhaust openings in the large space accounted for 3.5% of the total area, while the openings directly above the fire isolation zone accounted for 20%. The fire separation effectiveness of the isolation zone was studied in terms of smoke spread, toxic components in the smoke, temperature, and thermal radiation intensity. The results showed that the calculated minimum width of the fire isolation zone under the actual conditions of the test site was 6 m. In both luggage fire and store fire experiments, most of the smoke was exhausted outdoors through the smoke vents. The temperature on the side of the fire isolation zone away from the fire source remained close to ambient, and the thermal radiation intensity was nearly 0 kW/m². The fire isolation zone effectively served its purpose of fire separation. The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of fire isolation zones in railway station buildings.

Key words: fire isolation zone, railway station, minimum width value, fire separation