主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 162-168.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

不同气候区域自然老化对3种防火板材火灾安全性的影响

赵忻捷1, 贾鹏飞1, 商珂2, 张天昊3, 黄浩3, 汪碧波1, 胡源1   

  1. （1.中国科学技术大学 火灾安全全国重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026； 2.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津300381； 3.应急管理部四川消防研究所，四川 成都 610036）
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:赵忻捷，中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室硕士研究生，主要从事防火阻燃木板的设计和火安全评价研究，安徽省合肥市金寨路96号，230026。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题（2023YFC3010104）

Study on the influence of natural aging in different climatic regions on the fire safety of three types of fire-resistant boards

Zhao Xinjie1, Jia Pengfei1, Shang Ke2, Zhang Tianhao3, Huang Hao3, Wang Bibo1, Hu Yuan1   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026,China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Chengdu Sichuan 610036, China)
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-05-06 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 本研究依据中国气候区域划分标准，选取温带的长春、亚热带的成都与热带的儋州3地对A、B、C防火板材开展自然老化试验，探究不同气候区域对防火板材理化性能、力学性能及火灾安全性的影响。研究发现，随气候条件变化，从温带到热带，板材表面外观的色差与退化程度加剧，密度显著下降，吸湿性上升，且内结合强度与静曲强度下降幅度已超出安全阈值。热带气候条件下老化后的板材表现出更高的热释放速率峰值和毒性气体释放量，火灾危险性显著增加。B型板自然老化后的热释放速率峰值为573.20 kW/m²，远高于老化前的218.96 kW/m²。相对于温带与亚热带，热带地区的高温、高湿、强降雨及高紫外线辐照等因素对防火板材性能的劣化作用更为显著。在3种板材中，A型板阻燃性能最优，耐候性与抑烟稳定性突出；C型板阻燃性能次之，但对湿热环境较为敏感；B型板老化后阻燃功能基本丧失，在湿热环境下引燃迅速，火灾安全性最差。

关键词: 防火板材, 自然老化, 气候区域, 物理性能, 火灾危害

Abstract: Based on China's climatic regionalization standards, the study selected Changchun in the temperate zone, Chengdu in the subtropical zone, and Danzhou in the tropical zone to conduct natural aging tests on three types of fire-resistant boards (A, B, and C). The aim was to investigate the effects of different climatic regions on the physicochemical properties, mechanical properties, and fire safety of the fire-resistant boards. The findings revealed that with changing climatic conditions from temperate to tropical zones, the color difference and degree of surface degradation of the boards worsened, density significantly decreased, hygroscopicity increased, and the declines in internal bond strength and modulus of rupture exceeded safety thresholds. Boards aged under tropical climatic conditions exhibited higher peak heat release rates and toxic gas emissions, significantly increasing fire risk. For Type B boards, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) after natural aging was 573.20 kW/m², much higher than the 218.96 kW/m² observed before aging. Compared to temperate and subtropical zones, the combined effects of high temperature, high humidity, heavy rainfall, and high ultraviolet radiation in tropical regions had a more significant deteriorating impact on the performance of fire-resistant boards. Among the three types, Type A boards demonstrated the best flame-retardant performance, outstanding weather resistance, and smoke suppression stability; Type C boards showed moderate flame-retardant performance but were more sensitive to humid and hot environments; Type B boards essentially lost their flame-retardant functionality after aging, ignited rapidly in humid and hot conditions, and exhibited the poorest fire safety.

Key words: fire-resistant board, natural aging, climatic zone, physical properties, fire hazard