主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 59-64.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

地下变电站压缩空气泡沫灭火效果及系统设计参数研究

朱均煜1, 张长洋2, 孔维珖2, 赵金龙2   

  1. （1.揭阳市消防救援支队，广东 揭阳 522000； 2.中国矿业大学 （北京） 应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100083）
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 修回日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 作者简介:朱均煜，揭阳市消防救援支队副支队长，灭火救援指挥部部长，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事灭火救援、消防监督等工作，广东省揭阳市榕城区淡浦路1号，522000。

Study on the effectiveness of compressed air foam fire extinguishing in underground substations and system design parameters

Zhu Junyu1, Zhang Changyang2, Kong Weiguang2, Zhao Jinlong2   

  1. (1. Jieyang Fire and Rescue Division, Jieyang Guangdong 522000, China; 2. College of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)
  • Received:2025-05-18 Revised:2025-09-26 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-15

摘要： 地下变电站通常采用高压细水雾系统，压缩空气泡沫系统（CAFS）作为一种提升消防能力的措施，逐渐应用于变电站的灭火过程中。为了评估地下变电站CAFS的灭火效果，建立了全尺寸110 kV地下变压器灭火测试平台，通过调节流量、泡沫类型及燃烧面积等参数，研究CAFS的灭火效果。研究结果表明，CAFS灭火过程可分为启动、持续灭火和火焰熄灭3个阶段。泡沫混合液供给强度增大时，火焰膨胀明显且灭火时间缩短。供给强度从13.3 L/（min·m2）增加至26.7 L/（min·m2）时，灭火时间从22 s缩短至7 s。泡沫液类型变化对灭火效果的影响较小，且流淌火的存在对灭火时间影响较小。同时，壁面温度冷却速率受流量影响，供给强度增大时，灭火成功时壁面温度显著下降。氧气浓度在CAFS启动后升高，随着供给强度增大，灭火成功时刻的氧气浓度先增后降，表明灭火过程与氧气浓度变化无直接关联。综合分析，建议CAFS供给强度选择17.8～22.2 L/（min·m2），泡沫类型为3%AFFF。

关键词: 受限空间火灾, 地下变电站, 压缩空气泡沫, 灭火效果, 参数设计

Abstract: High-pressure fine water mist systems are commonly used in underground substations. Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS), as a measure to enhance firefighting capabilities, is gradually being applied in the fire suppression process of substations. To evaluate CAFS performance in underground substations, this study established a full-scale 110 kV underground substation fire suppression test platform. By adjusting parameters such as flow rate, foam type, and combustion area, the extinguishing effectiveness of CAFS was investigated. Results indicate that the CAFS extinguishing process comprises three distinct phases: initiation, sustained suppression, and flame extinction. Increasing the foam mixture supply intensity significantly accelerates flame expansion and shortens extinguishing time. When supply intensity rose from 13.3 L/(min·m²) to 26.7 L/(min·m²), extinguishing time decreased from 22 s to 7 s. Foam liquid type had minimal impact on extinguishing effectiveness, and the presence of spreading fires had little effect on extinguishing duration. Simultaneously, wall surface cooling rates were influenced by flow rate. Higher supply intensities resulted in significantly lower wall temperatures upon successful extinguishment. Oxygen concentration increased after CAFS activation. As supply intensity increased, oxygen concentration at the moment of successful extinguishment first rose then fell, indicating no direct correlation between the extinguishing process and oxygen concentration changes. Comprehensive analysis suggests selecting a CAFS supply intensity between 17.8~22.2 L/(min·m²) with 3% AFFF foam type.

Key words: confined space fire, underground substation, compressed air foam, fire extinguishing effect, parameter design