主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 123-128.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0123.06

• • 上一篇    下一篇

影响消防员寻路任务表现的心理因素研究

仲夏1, 王婧一1, 闫宇1, 左云2, 葛光3, 赵锦祯3   

  1. （1.应急管理部上海消防研究所，上海 200030； 2.泰州市消防救援支队，江苏 泰州 225300； 3.上海市消防救援总队训练与战勤保障支队，上海 200336）
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29 修回日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-15
  • 作者简介:仲夏，应急管理部上海消防研究所助理研究员，硕士，主要从事消防员职业健康、作战训练、精神卫生等方面的研究工作，上海市徐汇区中山南二路601号，200030，zhongxia1997psy@outlook.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家消防救援局科技计划项目（2024XFCX33）；应急管理部上海消防研究所基科费项目（25SX45；25SX13）

Study on psychological factors affecting firefighters' wayfinding task performance

Zhong Xia1, Wang Jingyi1, Yan Yu1, Zuo Yun2, Ge Guang3, Zhao Jinzhen3   

  1. (1. Shanghai Fire Scinece and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 200030, China; 2. Taizhou Fire and Rescue Division, Taizhou Jiangsu 225300, China; 3. Training and War Service Support Detachment, Shanghai Fire and Rescue Brigade, Shanghai 200336, China)
  • Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-10-09 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-15

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摘要： 随着建筑结构日益复杂，消防员在建筑内部救援任务中面临更高的寻路挑战。本研究旨在探讨方向感、空间焦虑、空间导航策略及心理旋转能力等心理因素对消防员寻路任务表现的影响，为优化消防员选拔与训练提供理论依据。选取上海、江苏两地58名一线男性消防员为研究对象，采用《圣巴巴拉方向感量表（SBSOD）》《空间焦虑量表（SAS）》《空间导航策略量表（WSS）》及《心理旋转能力测验（MRT）》测量心理特征，并通过自主开发的虚拟迷宫任务评估寻路表现。数据分析采用独立样本t检验、方差分析和线性回归模型。结果表明，方向感显著影响寻路表现，高方向感组完成任务用时更短；空间导航策略中，定向策略组表现最优，路线策略组最差；空间焦虑对寻路表现无显著影响；心理旋转能力对寻路表现具有显著正向作用。方向感、定向策略和心理旋转能力是提升消防员复杂环境寻路效率的关键心理因素，而空间焦虑的影响受情境特异性限制。建议在消防员选拔中纳入空间认知评估，并通过针对性训练强化定向策略运用。

关键词: 消防员, 寻路任务, 方向感, 空间导航策略, 心理旋转能力

Abstract: With the increasing complexity of building structures, firefighters face greater wayfinding challenges during internal rescue missions. This study aimed to explore the effects of psychological factors, including sense of direction, spatial anxiety, spatial navigation strategies, and mental rotation ability, on firefighters’ wayfinding performance, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing firefighter selection and training. Fifty-eight male frontline firefighters from Shanghai and Jiangsu were selected as participants. Psychological characteristics were measured using Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD), Spatial Anxiety Scale (SAS), Wayfinding Strategy Scale (WSS), and Mental Rotation Test (MRT). Wayfinding performance was assessed through a self-developed virtual maze task. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression models. Results show that, sense of direction significantly influenced wayfinding performance, with the high-directional group completing tasks faster; Among spatial navigation strategies, the survey-strategy group performed best, while the route-strategy group performed worst; Spatial anxiety had no significant effect on performance; Mental rotation ability showed a significant positive impact. Sense of direction, survey strategy, and mental rotation ability are critical psychological factors for enhancing firefighters' wayfinding efficiency in complex environments, while the impact of spatial anxiety is context-dependent. It is recommended to incorporate spatial cognition assessments in firefighter selection and strengthen survey-strategy training through targeted programs.

Key words: firefighters, wayfinding task, sense of direction, spatial navigation strategy, mental rotation ability