主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 49-56.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0049.08

• • 上一篇    下一篇

隧-棚-隧结构下火灾烟气蔓延特性及排热效率研究

黄红亚1,2, 李涛1, 刘欣昊3, 王尔御安3, 张玉春3   

  1. （1.四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司, 四川 成都 610044； 2.四川沿江宜金高速公路有限公司,四川 西昌 615099； 3.西南交通大学 地球科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031）
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16 修回日期:2025-12-15 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-15
  • 作者简介:黄红亚，四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司，主要从事隧道工程方面研究，四川省成都市武侯区二环路西一段90号四川高速大厦，610044，1781751315@qq.com 。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金（2025ZNSFSC1363）；国家消防救援局科技计划项目（2023XFCX16）

Study on fire-induced smoke spread characteristics and heat dissipation efficiency in tunnel-shed-tunnel structures

Huang Hongya1,2, Li Tao1, Liu Xinhao3, Wang Eryu'an3, Zhang Yuchun3   

  1. (1. Sichuan Expressway Construction & Development Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu Sichuan 610044, China; 2. Sichuan Yanjiang Yijin Expressway Co., Ltd., Xichang Sichuan 615099, China; 3. Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China)
  • Received:2025-04-16 Revised:2025-12-15 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-15

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摘要： 为探究隧-棚-隧结构在火灾情况下烟气蔓延特性及棚洞结构的排热效率，本文开展了数值模拟研究，分析了棚洞结构的开口方式、开口率及棚洞长度等因素对烟气蔓延特性与排热效率的影响。研究表明，顶开棚洞结构与侧开棚洞结构在排热效率上存在明显差异。侧开棚洞结构下，开口率对排热效率的影响较小，排热效率最高仅为10%；随着棚洞长度的增加，其排烟效果有所增强，但顶棚下方烟气浓度依然较高。顶开棚洞结构下，开口率显著影响隧道群的排烟能力，排热效率最高可达85%；随着棚洞长度的增加，棚洞顶部的烟气浓度呈现下降趋势。本研究为控制隧道群火灾、降低灾害损失与严重程度提供科学依据，并为今后的隧道建设提供技术指导。

关键词: 隧道火灾, 隧-棚-隧结构, 棚洞开口率, 棚洞开口方式, 烟气蔓延特性, 排热效率

Abstract: To investigate the smoke spread characteristics and the heat exhaust efficiency of shed tunnel structures under fire conditions in a tunnel-shed-tunnel configuration, this paper conducted numerical simulation studies. The effects of factors such as the opening mode, opening ratio, and shed length on smoke spread characteristics and heat exhaust efficiency were analyzed. The results show that there is a significant difference in heat exhaust efficiency between top-opening and side-opening shed structures. Under the side-opening shed structure, the opening ratio has a relatively small effect on heat exhaust efficiency, with the maximum efficiency reaching only 10%. As the shed length increases, the smoke exhaust performance improves, but the smoke concentration beneath the shed roof remains high. Under the top-opening shed structure, the opening ratio significantly affects the smoke exhaust capacity of the tunnel group, with heat exhaust efficiency reaching up to 85%. As the shed length increases, the smoke concentration at the top of the shed decreases. This study provides a scientific and rational basis for controlling tunnel group fires, reducing the loss and severity following such fires, and offers guidance for future tunnel construction.

Key words: tunnel fire, tunnel-shed-tunnel structure, shed tunnel opening ratio, shed tunnel opening configuration, smoke spread characteristics, heat dissipation efficiency