基于新型底喷技术的建筑内新能源车位全尺寸火灾试验研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 10-17.

基于新型底喷技术的建筑内新能源车位全尺寸火灾试验研究

杨振^1,3, 钟佳豪¹, 徐涛¹, 汪月勇¹, 汪剑彪², 张洁¹

（1.九江中船长安消防设备有限公司，江西九江 332000； 2.中国科学技术大学，安徽合肥 230026； 3.中国地质大学（武汉），湖北武汉 430074）

收稿日期:2025-05-06 修回日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-15
作者简介:杨振，九江中船长安消防设备有限公司，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事消防系统装备研发、消防工程设计、消防安全技术等研究，江西省九江市濂溪区安平路1007号，332000，15107927363@163.com。
基金资助:
九江市重大技术攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目（ZD2025_001544）

Full-scale fire protection research on electric vehicle in buildings based on innovative bottom-spray technology

Yang Zhen^1,3, Zhong Jiahao¹, Xu Tao¹, Wang Yueyong¹, Wang Jianbiao², Zhang Jie¹

(1. CSSC Jiujiang Chang'an Fire Fighting Equipment Co., Ltd., Jiujiang Jiangxi 332000, China; 2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China; 3. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China)

Received:2025-05-06 Revised:2025-07-10 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 构建了半开放建筑室内场景，分别开展了常规建筑消防顶喷系统与新型底喷系统作用下的新能源汽车充电车位全尺寸实体火灾试验。通过采集环境温度及可燃气体数据，深入分析了不同消防系统对锂电池包热失控发展特征规律及火灾控制效果的影响。结果表明，常规建筑消防顶喷系统无法抑制锂电池包热失控及整车燃烧进程；新型底喷系统能够快速探测新能源汽车热失控，并有效延缓和控制锂电池包的热失控进程。结合试验过程与结果，提出了新型底喷技术工程化应用的建议。研究成果将为建筑内新能源汽车充电车位锂电池包热失控特征的早期识别及控制技术的工程化应用提供试验支撑和设计参考。

关键词: 建筑新能源汽车充电车位, 锂电池热失控, 常规消防顶喷, 新型底喷技术, 全尺寸火灾试验

Abstract: This paper constructs a semi-open indoor building scenario and conducts full-scale fire tests on new energy vehicle charging bays under the action of conventional building fire sprinkler systems and a new underfloor sprinkler system. By collecting ambient temperature and combustible gas data, the study deeply analyzes the influence of different fire suppression systems on the thermal runaway development characteristics of lithium-ion battery packs and the resulting fire control effectiveness. The results show that the conventional overhead sprinkler system fails to suppress the thermal runaway of the battery pack or the subsequent vehicle combustion process. In contrast, the new underfloor sprinkler system can rapidly detect thermal runaway in new energy vehicles and effectively mitigate and control the thermal runaway process of the battery pack. Based on the experimental process and results, engineering application recommendations for the new underfloor sprinkler technology are proposed. The research findings provide experimental support and design references for the early identification and engineering application of control technologies for thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion battery packs in building-integrated new energy vehicle charging lots.

Key words: indoor charging parking spaces for NEV, thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, conventional fire top sprinkler, new underspray technology, full-scale fire test

杨振, 钟佳豪, 徐涛, 等. 基于新型底喷技术的建筑内新能源车位全尺寸火灾试验研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2026, 45(9): 10-17.

Yang Zhen, Zhong Jiahao, Xu Tao, et al. Full-scale fire protection research on electric vehicle in buildings based on innovative bottom-spray technology[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2026, 45(9): 10-17.

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