主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 32-38.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

高温环境下气凝胶石英纤维毡的烧蚀传热过程仿真

苗乐帅1, 郑振荣1, 师建军2, 赵东瑾3   

  1. （1.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院，天津 300387； 2.航天材料及工艺研究所 先进功能复合材料技术重点实验室，北京 100080； 3.中国产业用纺织品行业协会，北京 100020）
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-15
  • 作者简介:苗乐帅，天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事热防护纺织品研究，天津市西青区宾水西道399号，300387。
  • 基金资助:
    工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室开放项目（2022KLIB03）

Simulation of the ablation heat transfer process of aerogel quartz fiber felt in high-temperature environments

Miao Leshuai1, Zheng Zhenrong1, Shi Jianjun2, Zhao Dongjin3   

  1. (1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China; 2. Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composite Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100080, China; 3. China Nonwovens & Industrial Textiles Association, Beijing 100020, China)
  • Received:2025-06-25 Revised:2025-09-15 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-09-15

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摘要： 基于气凝胶石英纤维毡在高温下的烧蚀情况，考虑气凝胶的热容吸热、热解吸热和热解气体逸出散热等过程，建立其在1 000 ℃高温烧蚀下的传热仿真数学模型，并用马弗炉烧蚀试验对其进行验证。利用该传热模型预测该气凝胶石英纤维毡内部的温度分布、不同烧蚀模式下织物背部的温度变化及气凝胶对石英纤维的隔热贡献。结果表明：利用数值模型预测的气凝胶石英纤维毡背温与试验数据非常接近，平均相对误差为2.8%；采用从室温以10 ℃/min升温到1 000 ℃并烧蚀1 500 s的缓慢升温模式，纤维毡达到热平衡时，厚度为25 mm的气凝胶纤维毡的背温最终为201.4 ℃，低于在1 000 ℃条件下直接受热时的背温210.1 ℃；它们都低于没有浸渍气凝胶的相同规格的石英纤维毡的背温215.4 ℃。

关键词: 气凝胶, 石英纤维毡, 热解, 传热仿真, 升温模式

Abstract: Based on the ablation situation of aerogel quartz fiber felt at high temperatures, considering the processes such as heat capacity heat absorption, thermal decomposition heat absorption and heat dissipation from the escape of thermal decomposition gas of aerogel, a heat transfer simulation mathematical model of it under 1 000 ℃ high-temperature ablation was established, and it was verified by the Muffle furnace ablation experiment. The temperature distribution inside the aerogel quartz fiber felt, the temperature changes on the back of the fabric under different ablation modes, and the insulation contribution of aerogel to quartz fibers were predicted respectively by the heat transfer model. The results show that the back temperature of the aerogel quartz fiber felt predicted by the numerical model is very close to the experimental data, with an average relative error of 2.8%. By adopting the slow heating mode of heating from room temperature at a rate of 10 ℃/min to 1 000 ℃ and ablating for 1 500 s, when the fiber felt reached thermal equilibrium, the back temperature of the 25 mm thick aerogel fiber felt was finally 201.4 ℃, which was lower than the back temperature of 210.1 ℃ when directly heated at 1 000 ℃. They are all lower than the back temperature of the quartz fiber felt of the same specification without impregnation with aerogel, which is 215.4 ℃.

Key words: aerogel, quartz fiber felt, pyrolysis, heat transfer simulation, heating mode