主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 637-642.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

长坡度地铁区间隧道固移结合火灾烟气控制数值模拟研究

陈政全1, 张玉春1, 李涛1, 路欣欣2   

  1. （1.西南交通大学 地球科学与工程学院，四川 成都 611756； 2.四川省消防救援总队，四川 成都 610037）
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10 修回日期:2024-10-28 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-15
  • 作者简介:陈政全，贵州凯里人，西南交通大学地球科学与工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事隧道与地下工程方面工作或研究，四川省成都市郫都区犀安路999号，611756。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目（2023YFS0421）

Numerical study on fixed-mobile combination of smoke control in long-sloped interval tunnel fire

Chen Zhengquan1, Zhang Yuchun1, Li Tao1, Lu Xinxin2   

  1. (1. Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China; 2. Sichuan Fire and Rescu Brigade, Chengdu Sichuan 610037, China)
  • Received:2024-07-10 Revised:2024-10-28 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-15

摘要： 地铁长坡度区间隧道火灾面临人员疏散困难、排烟效率低、救援难度大等问题。依托龙泉山隧道工程，基于FDS进行分段建模，通过分析移动风机与列车距离D和风机轴心高度H，研究了固移结合的协同烟气控制效果。结果表明，通风条件下，列车底部10.5 MW火灾的隧道顶棚最高温度不高于100 ℃；出风量为70 000 m3/h的移动风机能有效协同抑制烟气回流，相较于仅固定式机械通风，烟气回流长度最大能缩短189.2 m，在风向上游增加消防救援的安全空间；固移结合排烟时，隧道顶棚最高温度控制在76～79 ℃；隧道断面风速随H升高而增加，H=3.5 m时，断面平均风速为2.43 m/s；当D=100 m、H=3.5 m时，固移结合排烟的协同效果最稳定，为轨道交通救援装备设计提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 数值模拟, 地铁火灾, 长坡度区间隧道, 移动风机, 纵向通风, 顶棚温度

Abstract: Metro long-gradient interval tunnel fire faces problems such as difficult evacuation of people, low smoke exhaust efficiency, and difficult rescue. Relying on the Longquanshan Tunnel Project, segmental modelling was carried out based on FDS, and the effect of fixation-movement combination of smoke control was investigated by analyzing the distance between the mobile fan and the train, D, and the fan axial height, H. The results show that the maximum ceiling temperature for a 10.5 MW fire at the bottom of the train is not higher than 100 °C under ventilated conditions; The mobile fan with an air output of 70 000 m3/h can effectively co-operate with ventilation to cut down smoke back-layering, and compared with fixed mechanical ventilation, the length of smoke back-layering can be shortened up to 189.2 m, which increases the safety space for firefighting and rescue in the upstream； The maximum ceiling temperature is controlled between 76~79 ℃ under fixation-movement combination; The wind speed in the tunnel section increases with the increase of H and the speed in the section is 2.43 m/s, with H=3.5 m; When D=100 m, H=3.5 m, the synergistic effect is the best, which provides reference for the design of rescue equipment of metro.

Key words: numerical simulation, metro fire, long-sloped interval tunnel, mobile fan, longitudinal ventilation, ceiling temperature