主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 655-662.

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封闭地铁车厢内火灾高温烟气蔓延及热辐射分布特性研究

吴敏思1, 董克1, 翟月1, 韩新竹1, 朱小龙2   

  1. （1.沈阳二一三电子科技有限公司，辽宁 沈阳 110027； 2.中国科学技术大学 火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026）
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21 修回日期:2024-10-01 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-15
  • 作者简介:吴敏思，沈阳二一三电子科技有限公司总经理，MBA硕士，主要从事公共交通车辆火灾预警及细水雾灭控火系统研究，辽宁省沈阳市经济技术开发区十三号街12甲3号，110027。
  • 基金资助:
    沈阳二一三电子科技有限公司项目“地铁车辆细水雾灭火系统性能测试及方案优化”（20210713?213YF?10404）

Study on the spread of high-temperature smoke and heat radiation in enclosed subway carriages during a fire

Wu Minsi1, Dong Ke1, Zhai Yue1, Han Xinzhu1, Zhu Xiaolong2   

  1. (1. Shenyang 213 Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Shenyang Liaoning 110027, China; 2. The State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China)
  • Received:2024-06-21 Revised:2024-10-01 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-15

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摘要： 鉴于地铁车厢内火灾对人员生存条件相关的全尺寸试验研究匮乏，本文以沈阳地铁车厢结构为依据，通过全尺寸试验和数值模拟研究地铁车厢内部火灾场景中的环境条件变化。从温度、有毒气体、能见度和热辐射4个方面分析火灾对人体的危害。研究结果表明，封闭地铁车厢内，由于供氧量受限，可燃物的燃烧功率显著小于开放空间下的燃烧功率。高温烟气在车厢顶部均发生匀速蔓延，且蔓延速度与燃烧功率呈正相关关系。通过全尺寸燃烧试验得出了可燃物上方温度分布无量纲拟合方程和车厢顶部温度轴向分布无量纲拟合方程。本研究所设置的3种可燃物中，对人体危害程度顺序为：1 000 mL油盘火>500 mL油盘火>行李袋。

关键词: 封闭地铁车厢, 火灾, 烟气蔓延, 热辐射

Abstract: In view of the lack of full-scale experimental studies related to the living conditions of people caused by fire in subway carriages, this paper studied the changes of environmental conditions in the fire scene inside subway carriages through full-scale experiments and numerical simulation based on the structure of Shenyang subway carriages. The harm of fire to human body was analyzed from four aspects: temperature, toxic gas, visibility and thermal radiation. The results show that the combustion power of fuel in closed subway carriages is significantly lower than that in open space due to the limited oxygen supply. The high temperature smoke spreads uniformly at the top of the carriage, and the spreading speed is positively correlated with the combustion power. The dimensionless fitting equation of temperature distribution above the fuel along the axial direction of the top of the carriages are obtained through the full-scale combustion experiment. Among the three combustibles set in this study, the order of harm to human body is 1 000 mL oil pan fire >500 mL oil pan fire > duffel bag.

Key words: closed subway carriages, fire, smoke spreading, heat radiation