森林火灾扑救技术与装备研究进展

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1265-1273.

森林火灾扑救技术与装备研究进展

李国辉1,2,3, 戎凤仪1,2,3, 李艳志1,2,3, 王鹏飞1,2,3, 陈腾1,2,3, 朱红亚1,2,3

（1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）

收稿日期:2025-07-17 修回日期:2025-08-12 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-15
作者简介:李国辉，应急管理部天津消防研究所副研究员，主要从事森林火灾防治与特种灾害救援技术研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
基金资助:
天津市科技计划项目（24JCZDJC00110）；应急管理部重点科技计划项目（2024EMST010102）；天津市科技计划项目（23JCYBJC00370）

Research progress on forest fire suppression techniques and equipment

Li Guohui1,2,3, Rong Fengyi1,2,3, Li Yanzhi1,2,3, Wang Pengfei1,2,3, Chen Teng1,2,3, Zhu Hongya1,2,3

(1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)

Received:2025-07-17 Revised:2025-08-12 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国森林面积增加和极端天气高发频发，造成森林火灾风险持续增大，科学高效扑救森林火灾是当前面临的重大挑战。随着我国消防体制的改革，森林消防科技水平不断提高，森林火灾预测、单兵装备、灭火剂和灭火装备、航空灭火装备等技术全面发展，但面对重特大森林火灾，仍缺乏智能高效的火灾扑救技术装备。通过综述国内外森林消防技术现状和发展趋势可知，我国未来应重点攻克林火态势智能预测、极端火行为精准识别、单兵装备轻质舒适性、森林灭火剂环保高效、森林消防车复杂环境适应性、隔离带无人快速开辟、专业灭火救援飞机和模块化机载装备等技术，聚焦森林火灾扑救实战需求和场景驱动，提升我国森林消防综合能力。

关键词: 森林火灾；林火态势预测；森林消防装备；隔离带；航空灭火

Abstract: The concurrent expansion of China's forest coverage and increasing frequency of extreme weather events have substantially elevated forest fire risks, rendering scientifically efficient wildfire suppression a critical challenge. Despite comprehensive technological advancements in forest firefighting-encompassing prediction systems, personal protective equipment, fire suppressants, ground-based apparatus, and aerial capabilities-following China's fire service structural reforms, persistent deficiencies remain in intelligent firefighting technologies for combating major and catastrophic wildfires. Analysis of global forest firefighting technologies and emerging trends indicates that China should prioritize developing: intelligent wildfire behavior prediction, precise identification of extreme fire behavior, lightweight ergonomic firefighter gear, environmentally efficient forest fire suppressants, intelligent and reliable fire engines, unmanned rapid firebreak construction systems, and specialized firefighting aircraft with modular payloads. These initiatives must focus on practical firefighting scenarios and operational requirements to ultimately enhance China's integrated forest fire management capabilities.

Key words: forest fire; forest fire situation prediction; forest fire equipment; firebreak; aerial fire suppression

李国辉, 戎凤仪, 李艳志, 王鹏飞, 陈腾, 朱红亚. 森林火灾扑救技术与装备研究进展[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2025, 44(9): 1265-1273.

Li Guohui, Rong Fengyi, Li Yanzhi, Wang Pengfei, Chen Teng, Zhu Hongya. Research progress on forest fire suppression techniques and equipment[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2025, 44(9): 1265-1273.