主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1619-1631.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

新能源电池的火灾防控和安全性能研究进展

刘宇峥1, 李响卓淳2, 曹芮唅3   

  1. （1.黑龙江省消防救援总队，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090；2.Imperial College London，London W12 0BZ,UK；3.中国农业大学 动物医学院，北京 100083）
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-15
  • 作者简介:刘宇峥，黑龙江省消防救援总队火调技术处高级专业技术职务，学士，主要从事消防科技管理、消防产品监督工作，黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区长江路366号，150090，liuyuzheng1975@126.com。

Research progress on fire prevention and safety performance of new energy batteries

Liu Yuzheng1, Li Xiangzhuochun2, Cao Ruihan3   

  1. (1. Heilongjiang Fire and Rescue Brigade, Harbin Heilongjiang 150090, China; 2. Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; 3. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-04-17 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-15

摘要： 系统梳理了氢燃料电池与锂离子电池在热失控机理、主要材料影响、防灭火技术与安全防护体系方面的研究进展，深入对比了液氮、七氟丙烷、全氟己酮等灭火剂在不同工况下的适配性与局限性。研究发现，当前对氢-锂协同系统的安全防护仍处于初级阶段。为应对新型复合储能系统的火灾防控需求，提出了包括多模态传感响应系统、协同热管理架构、复合灭火剂与模块化安全舱体设计在内的5类前沿研究路径，并从材料科学、系统工程与消防技术的交叉角度对其发展前景进行了评估。相关成果可为未来高集成度、多能源储能系统的火灾防控设计与标准化制定提供理论与技术支撑。

关键词: 氢燃料电池, 锂离子电池, 清洁能源技术, 储能系统

Abstract: This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the thermal runaway mechanisms, material-related factors, fire suppression technologies, and safety protection strategies of hydrogen fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries. A comparative analysis is conducted on the applicability and limitations of extinguishing agents such as liquid nitrogen, HFC-227ea, and Novec-1230 under different operating conditions. The study reveals that the current safety design for hybrid hydrogen-lithium systems remains at an early stage. In response to the emerging fire safety demands of hybrid energy storage systems, this paper proposes five forward-looking research directions, including multimodal sensing and response systems, coordinated thermal management frameworks, hybrid extinguishing agents, and modularized safety compartment design. The development prospects of these approaches are evaluated from the perspectives of materials science, systems engineering, and fire safety technology. The findings aim to provide theoretical and technical support for the fire protection design and standardization of high-integration, multi-energy storage systems in the future.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, clean energy technologies, energy storage systems