主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1870-1873.

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基层消防救援人员心理健康的差异性分析和对策研究

刘昌旺1, 李英辉1, 戚帅立2, 石灿3   

  1. （1.中国消防救援学院，北京 102202； 2.宜昌市消防救援支队，湖北 宜昌 443003； 3.云南司法警官职业学院，云南 昆明 650211）
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-20 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 作者简介:刘昌旺，中国消防救援学院政治工作系讲师，硕士，主要从事消防救援心理学、灾害心理救助等方面的研究，北京市昌平区龙泽园街道龙跃苑小区，102208，906707292@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家消防救援局课题（2023XFCX30）

Differential analysis and countermeasure study of psychological health among grassroots fire and rescue personnel

Liu Changwang1, Li Yinghui1, Qi Shuaili2, Shi Can3 #br#   

  1. （1. China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China; 2. Yichang Fire and Rescue Division, Yichang Hubei 443003, China; 3. Yunnan Vocational College of Judicial Police, Kunming Yunnan 650211, China)
  • Received:2024-06-20 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-25

摘要： 消防救援队伍职业化改革后，基层消防救援人员的构成更加多样化，影响基层消防人员心理健康的因素也更加复杂。为进一步研究不同类型的消防救援人员在救援行动后心理健康状况的差异性，本文运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查，从人口学角度统计分析不同类型的基层消防员心理状况。结果发现，强迫症状在自评量表的10个因子中最为突出。运用SPSS分析软件对不同消防救援人员的强迫症状做差异性分析，结果显示，强迫症状在婚姻和衔级中差异性显著。结合走访座谈及基层消防队伍实际，提出相应的对策。

关键词: 人口学, 消防救援人员, 心理健康, 差异性

Abstract: After the professionalization reform of the fire rescue team, the composition of the grassroots fire and rescue personnel has become more diversified, and the factors affecting the psychological health of grassroots fire and rescue personnel have become more complex. To study the differences in psychological problems after rescue operations of different types of personnels, this article uses the Symptom Self-Rating Scale (SCL-90) to conduct a questionnaire survey to statistically analyze the mental health status of different types of grassroots firefighters from demographic angles. The results show that obsessive-compulsive symptoms are the most prominent in the 10 factors of the self-rating scale. Using the SPSS analysis software, the article analyzes the differences in obsessive-compulsive symptoms among different fire and rescue personnels. The results show that the differences are significant in marriage and rank. Combining with the in-depth interviews and discussions, the article speculates that it is related to the characteristics of the firefighting profession, the article puts forward corresponding countermeasures.

Key words: demography, fire and rescue personnel, psychological health, differentiation