主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 155-162.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

锂电池二氧化碳-全氟己酮复合灭火抑爆技术

陈宝辉1,2, 邓捷2,3, 吴传平1,2, 周天念1,2, 刘美麟1,2, 周特军1,2   

  1. （1.湖南省湘电试研技术有限公司，湖南 长沙 410007； 2.电网防灾减灾全国重点实验室，湖南 长沙 410007； 3.长沙理工大学 电气与信息工程学院，湖南 长沙 410114）
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-04-29 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 作者简介:陈宝辉，电网防灾减灾全国重点实验室高级工程师，博士（后），主要从事储能安全技术和安全储能电池方面的研究，湖南省长沙市榔梨镇龙华路，410007，bymountains@gmail.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家电网公司科技项目（5100-202499473A-3-6-RW）；湖南省科技创新计划资助项目（2022RC1002）

Lithium battery carbon dioxide-perfluorohexanone composite fire extinguishing and explosion suppression technology

Chen Baohui1,2, Deng Jie2,3, Wu Chuanping1,2, Zhou Tiannian1,2, Liu Meilin1,2, Zhou Tejun1,2   

  1. (1. Hunan Xiangdian Test Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha Hunan 410007, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid Transmission and Distribution Equipment, Changsha Hunan 410007, China; 3. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha Hunan 410114, China)
  • Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-04-29 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

摘要： 持续高效的降温防复燃和抑爆是扑救大容量储能锂离子电池热失控火灾的关键。提出一种新型的低温低压二氧化碳-全氟己酮复合灭火剂灭火抑爆装置。开展了液态CO2与全氟己酮的相溶性试验，并进行了冷喷、能耗分析以及大容量电池模组模拟灭火测试。研究表明，存储温度为-20 ℃的低温低压液态CO2与全氟己酮在质量比0～1.7的范围内可以完全互溶，形成复合灭火剂。复合灭火剂灭火系统可以实现一次性喷射和间歇性喷射。灭火抑爆系统运行年耗电量仅为10.48 kWh，功耗低，经济性好。在314 Ah磷酸铁锂电池模组验证灭火试验中，1 s内扑灭电池明火，不发生复燃和热失控蔓延，单点温度低至-72 ℃，降温防复燃和抑爆性能优异。研究为储能锂电池灭火防爆提供全新高效经济解决方案。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 全氟己酮, 二氧化碳, 低温, 低压, 复合灭火剂, 灭火抑爆

Abstract: Continuous and efficient anti-reignition and explosion suppression is the key to combat the thermal runaway fire of large-capacity lithium-ion battery. A new type of fire extinguishing and explosion suppression device using carbon dioxide-perfluorohexanone compound is proposed. The mixed compatibility test of liquid CO2 and perfluorhexanone was carried out, and the cold spray test, energy consumption analysis and simulated fire extinguishing test of large-capacity battery module were carried out. The results show that the low temperature and low pressure liquid CO2 stored at -20 ℃ can be completely miscible with perfluorohexanone in the range of 0~1.7 mass ratio to form a composite fire extinguishing medium. The composite fire extinguishing agent system can realize one-time injection and intermittent injection. The annual power consumption of fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system is only 10.48 kWh, with low power consumption and favorable economic performance. In the fire extinguishing test of 314 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery module, the open flame of the battery was extinguished within 1 s, no reignition and thermal runaway spread occurred, the single point temperature was as low as -72 ℃, and the cooling and anti-reignition and explosion suppression performance was excellent. Research results can provide a new efficient and economical solution for fire extinguishing and explosion protection of lithium batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, perfluorohexanone, carbon dioxide, low temperature, low pressure, compound fire extinguishing agent, fire extinguishing and explosion suppression