主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 182-188.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

新型膨胀阻燃体系在环氧树脂中的作用研究

杨亿成1, 王婧煊1, 刘宏1,2, 孔庆红1,2   

  1. （1.江苏大学 环境与安全工程学院，江苏 镇江 212013； 2.江苏大学 应急管理学院，江苏 镇江 212013）
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23 修回日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 作者简介:杨亿成，江苏大学环境与安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事阻燃环氧树脂复合材料研究，江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号，212013，544914868@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏大学应急管理学院专项科研项目（Ky-02-06）

Study on the effect of a novel intumescent flame retardant system in epoxy resins

Yang Yicheng1, Wang Jingxuan1, Liu Hong1,2, Kong Qinghong1,2   

  1. (1. School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China;2. School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China)
  • Received:2025-09-23 Revised:2025-12-31 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

摘要： 在传统膨胀阻燃体系中，作为酸源的聚磷酸铵（APP）与环氧树脂（EP）的界面相容性差是普遍问题，导致通常需要较高的添加量才能达到良好的阻燃效果。为了解决这类问题，本文合成了一种以APP为核，壳聚糖（CS）为壳的核-壳结构材料APP@CS，以改善其与EP的相容性，同时合成了与EP基体相容性较好的氨基酚醛树脂（APS）作为膨胀阻燃体系的碳源。热分析结果显示，EP/8%APP@CS/APS的残炭量较EP提升了约173%。阻燃性能方面，EP/8%APP@CS/APS经过UL 94测试达到V-1级别，极限氧指数达到31.6%。与纯EP相比，EP/8%APP@CS/APS复合材料的峰值放热率、总放热率、总排烟量和烟释放速率分别降低78.0%、55.1%、54.5%和58.3%。APP@CS和APS在改善EP的热性能和阻燃性能方面具有协同作用。

关键词: 核-壳结构, 聚磷酸铵, 壳聚糖, 氨基酚醛树脂, 阻燃性能

Abstract: In the traditional intumescent flame retardant system, the poor interfacial compatibility between ammonium polyphosphate (APP), as the acid source, and epoxy resin (EP) is a common problem, resulting in the need for a higher additive amount to achieve a good flame retardant effect. In order to solve this kind of problem, this paper synthesized a core-shell structural material APP@CS with APP as the core and chitosan (CS) as the shell to improve its compatibility with EP, and at the same time synthesized an aminophenol-formaldehyde resin (APS), which has better compatibility with EP matrix, as the carbon source of intumescent flame-retardant system. Thermal analysis results show that EP/8%APP@CS/APS has a significant increase in residual carbon of about 173% compared to EP. In terms of flame retardancy, EP/8%APP@CS/APS passed UL 94 V-1 rating with an ultimate oxygen index of 31.6%. The peak heat release rate, total heat release rate, total smoke emission, and smoke release rate of the EP/8% APP@CS/APS composite were reduced by 78.0%, 55.1%, 54.5%, and 58.3%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The above results show that APP@CS and APS have synergistic effects in improving the thermal and flame retardant properties of EP.

Key words: core-shell structure, ammonium polyphosphate, chitosan, amino-phenolic resin, flame retardant performance