Abstract: Abstract: Electrochemical energy storage is a key link in realization of the emission peak and the carbon neutrality goal, impelling the application of breeze and photovoltaic power in the electric grid and applying to the grid peak shaving. Under the dual engine of policy guidance and market demand, prefabricated cabin energy station of lithium-ion phosphate batteries is developing rapidly. However, the lithium-ion battery is easy to occur combustion and explosion once thermal runaway, and dense arrangement layout of lithium-ion battery further increase the risk of fire disaster in the prefabricated cabin. Meanwhile, the complex fire contains of solid, liquid, gas and electrical fires, which put forward a new challenge for firefighting and rescue disposal. In this paper, the safety of electrochemical energy storage energy station had been combed and analyzed deeply. Via the full-scale experiment of the lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin, there were various parameters such as fire temperature, smoke gas concentration and so on have been obtained. The thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion battery was revealed and the fire risk of the electrochemical energy storage system was analyzed in this research. The research results had shown that the cell and ambient temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery change significantly during the thermal runaway and combustion process, and the fire temperature above 700℃. Under the conditions of massive application, the thermal runaway risk and explosion hazards of the lithium iron phosphate battery was much higher great than the experimental condition. Therefore, electrochemical energy storage power stations need to strengthen safety management and normalize in terms of product standards, design specifications, and emergency handling.

Key words: Key words: electrochemical energy storage, lithium iron phosphate battery, full-scale experiment, fire safety