Abstract: This article comprehensively evaluates the research results on natural smoke exhaust by shafts in tunnel fire, aiming to promote the development of tunnel fire prevention and disaster relief research, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for tunnel fire prevention design. The article systematically reviews the current research status of natural smoke exhaust by shafts in tunnel fire, briefly describes the main research methods and basic principles of natural smoke exhaust by shafts in tunnel fire, and summarizes in detail the research progress in this field at home and abroad. The research focuses on the impact of various factors such as the vertical shaft (height, size and shape of the vertical shaft, distance between the vertical shaft and the fire source, number and arrangement of vertical shaft), environment (environmental pressure, environmental wind), and tunnel structure (degree of tunnel blockage, tunnel slope, tunnel height to width ratio) on the natural smoke exhaust from vertical shafts in tunnel fires. In addition, some methods for improving the smoke exhaust performance of vertical shafts (inclined vertical shaft structure, vertical shaft-smoke curtain and vertical baffle structure, vertical shaft plate coupling structure) were also introduced, so as to provide reference for tunnel fire prevention and disaster relief research.

Key words: tunnel fire, natural smoke exhaust by vertical shafts, current research status, influencing factors, smoke exhaust enhancement measures