Abstract: As an area where multiple transportation modes converge, the underground transfer hall of railway stations poses challenges to emergency evacuation due to its complex spatial layout and highly dense pedestrian flow, especially when secondary security inspection facilities are newly introduced during subway-to-railway transfers, which may significantly affect evacuation efficiency. Taking the underground transfer hall of a station in Beijing as a case study, this paper analyzes the occupancy of evacuation exit space by security inspection facilities, and constructs a targeted evacuation safety risk assessment method by integrating the characteristics of transfer passenger flow, spatial functional zoning, and evacuation safety standards. Through simulating typical evacuation scenarios, the paper quantitatively evaluates the changes in evacuation time before and after the implementation of security inspections. The results show that the evacuation time meets safety requirements (5.38 min) without security inspections, while it exceeds the standard (>6 min) after the addition of security inspections, indicating that the security inspection facilities occupy evacuation channels and compromise evacuation safety in emergencies such as fires. Consequently, improvement measures are proposed, including reducing commercial areas, optimizing pedestrian flow guidance, assisting passengers with large luggage, and adjusting the layout of security inspection areas.

Key words: railway passenger station, underground transfer hall, secondary security check, emergency exit, evacuation safety, risk assessment