Abstract: This paper focuses on a combustion and explosion incident that occurred in a lithium battery formation workshop. By employing fire investigation methods such as on-site inspection, investigative inquiries, and video analysis, the direct causes of the accident and the factors contributing to the disaster are dissected. Over ten drop tests were conducted on ternary lithium batteries across five categories to summarize the correlation between external short circuits and the occurrence of thermal runaway in lithium batteries under different conditions. The study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of fire incidents at the production end of lithium batteries, discuss corresponding prevention and handling recommendations, reduce the probability of fire accidents in lithium battery factories, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the facilities.

Key words: ternary lithium batteries, formation process, external short circuit, fire investigation, lithium battery production