Abstract: With the rapid development of China's economy, public buildings have exhibited trends of increasing height, expanding volume, and growing functional complexity, leading to the accumulation and escalation of urban fire risks. Existing conventional fire detection technologies face practical challenges such as increasingly intricate building structures, diverse application scenarios, and multi-layered environmental interferences. These issues result in low anti-interference capability, high false alarm rates, delayed or inadequate early warnings, and insufficient detection accuracy. This paper briefly discusses the applicable scenarios, existing problems, and development trends of conventional technologies (e.g., point-type fire detection and linear beam smoke detection) and emerging technologies (e.g., image-based smoke detection and deep-seated slow-developing fire detection) in public buildings. It aims to provide references for establishing early warning systems for fires in public structures.

Key words: fire detection, point-type fire detection, linear beam smoke detection, image-based fire detection, deep-seated fire detection