Abstract: With the intensive development of urban construction, the widespread application of new building materials and composites, and the rapid expansion of new energy facilities, modern building fire behavior exhibits high intensity, complex coupling, and nonlinear characteristics. Traditional small- and medium-scale experiments are increasingly insufficient to fully reveal the dynamics and risk features of fires. Full-scale fire experimental facilities have become an essential foundation for fire science research. This paper systematically reviews the current status of full-scale fire research infrastructure worldwide, including large-space fire testing halls, high-rise building fire test facilities, large fire-resistance furnaces, tunnel and transportation vehicle fire testing facilities, as well as energy storage stations and photovoltaic fire testing platforms. By summarizing the scales, functions, and representative experimental capabilities of these facilities, the study highlights the essential role of full-scale experiments in fire dynamics research, smoke movement simulation, occupant evacuation assessment, fire prevention and control technology validation, and major fire investigation. Furthermore, future development directions are discussed, emphasizing intensive construction, shared instrumentation, intelligent technologies, and standardization.

Key words: full-scale fire test, fire science and technology, fire science, complex structure building