Abstract: Quantitative research on the combustion and gas generation characteristics of lithium-iron batteries in an open space environment plays a crucial supporting role in fire safety assessment and prevention and control technologies. Based on the experimental platform for new energy fire calorimetry and thermal runaway gas analysis, the paper conducts a study on the combustion, smoke generation, and gas generation characteristics of 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate batteries. The results indicate that under the condition where a 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate battery is triggered by heating and then burns, the maximum heat release rate reaches 133.0 kW, the total heat release amounts to 14.26 MJ, the total smoke production is 52.5 m², and the heat-production equivalent is 0.38 kg of n-heptane. When a 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate battery is triggered by heating and only generates gas without burning, a total of 15 types of gases, including esters, CO₂, and CH₄, are identified using a Fourier transform instrument. The total volume of these gases is 294.17 L, among which the volume of esters is 164.68 L and the total volume of hydrocarbons is 27.73 L.

Key words: lithium battery; thermal runaway; new energy fire; heat release rate; component identification; gas concentration