Abstract: This study employs a qualitative-quantitative mixed-methods design. First, grounded theory is applied to conduct three-level coding of interview transcripts and text data to construct an initial model of emergency rescue capabilities, including five dimensions: political literacy, psychological capital, foundational support, professional execution, and environmental adaptation. Next, a cluster sampling method is utilized to survey fire and rescue personnel nationwide, with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the model. Finally, recommendations for enhancing competencies are proposed. The findings reveal that: The results of EFA demonstrate excellent reliability and validity indicators, and CFA results confirm the model fits well. The model aligns with the competency onion model, where political literacy forms the core driving layer, foundational support and psychological capital constitute the intermediate moderating layer, and professional execution and environmental adaptation serve as the visible surface layer. This model reveals the "value internalization-capability accumulation-behavior manifestation" transmission mechanism. The model has a task-oriented dynamic collaboration mechanism, achieving functional embedding and scene adaptation among five dimensions.

Key words: fire and rescue personnel, emergency rescue capabilities, empirical analysis, onion theory model