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15 April 2025, Volume 44 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Fire risk coupling analysis of ship carrying vehicles based on N-K model and Bayesian network Wang Yiru, Wang Yanfu, Qiao Jian, Li Xun 2025, 44 (4):  439-447.  Abstract ( 108 )   The coupling of risk factors between risks due to propagation effects and interdependence can lead to serious accidents. To analyze the fire risk coupling of ship carrying vehicles, this paper proposes a novel quantitative analysis method that integrates the N-K model with the Bayesian Network (BN) model. Firstly, through the statistical analysis of historical accidents, the fire causes of ship carrying vehicles accidents are investigated, and the types of human, mechanical, electrical, environmental factors and risk coupling are clarified. Second, the N-K model is constructed to study the coupling relationship between factors and the risk coupling mechanism. Finally, the BN is constructed and verified based on the above results. Sensitivity analysis and backward inference analysis are carried out. The results indicate that the coupling causing the highest probability of fire is “human-mechanical” with a probability of 14.795%; the coupling causing the lowest probability of fire is “human-mechanical-electrical-environmental” with a probability of 1.354%, yet it has the highest risk coupling value, approximately 0.43. It is of great importance to focus on the risk factors related to human and machinery to prevent the co-existence of the two or more, with the goal of reducing the occurrence of fire accidents. The results of this study will not only provide guidance for improving the fire safety of ship-carrying vehicles, but also provide an important reference for risk assessment and firefighting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on explosion characteristics and explosion suppression of wheat starch dust by sodium salt Li Ming, Zhu Shunbing, Zhang Jianlong, Duan Yi 2025, 44 (4):  448-456.  Abstract ( 89 )   The inhibition effect of sodium salt powder NaHCO3, Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 on the explosion severity and flame propagation characteristics of wheat starch dust was studied by using a 20 L spherical explosion system and a 2 L Hartmann tube device. The pyrolysis behavior of sodium salt and wheat starch and its effect on wheat starch explosion products were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the inhibition mechanism of different sodium salts on wheat starch dust explosion was revealed. The findings indicated that increasing sodium salt content significantly impacted the explosion pressure, rate of pressure rise, and flame propagation velocity of wheat starch dust. These effects were particularly pronounced at various stages of the explosion process. Under the same mass fraction, NaHCO3 had a better inhibition effect on wheat starch dust explosion than Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of explosion and fire accidents in wheat starch processing industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on flame axits temperature of unpremixed jet of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on virtual point source theory Jiang Hongye, Li Ping, Luo Jing, Lu Hao 2025, 44 (4):  457-464.  Abstract ( 44 )   Hydrogen-blended natural gas has already been implemented in industrial and residential sectors, and the strategy of transporting hydrogen by integrating it at low volume fractions into natural gas pipelines is feasible. However, due to the reactive properties of hydrogen, introducing hydrogen into natural gas pipelines may increase the likelihood of jet fire incidents, with temperature being a key factor in these accidents. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted on the axial temperature of non-premixed jet flames of natural gas at various hydrogen blending ratios, flow rates, and leak sizes. The experimental results indicate that the axial temperature generally exhibits an upward trend followed by a decrease with increasing height. As the flow rate increases, the range of flame temperatures also expands. Additionally, as the hydrogen blending ratio increases, the peak temperature of the flame rises. The flame height was adjusted using a virtual origin model, and a dimensionless relationship for the axial temperature of hydrogen-blended natural gas based on this model was derived, providing a basis for assessing the risk of jet combustion fires of hydrogen-blended natural gas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the impact of air gap on the heat transfer behavior of solid fuel arrays Jiang Xiaowu, Zhang Ziqiang, Zhu Guoqing3, Wang Yongsheng 2025, 44 (4):  465-470.  Abstract ( 51 )   In order to study the impact of air gap on the heat transfer of solid fuel arrays, a reduced-scaled experimental platform was established, and a series of solid fuel arrays with different air gaps were designed to analyze the variation of parameters such as total heat flux, ignition time and flame height. It was found that with the increase of air gap, the heat flux released from the fuel array shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and when the air gap is no more than 8 cm (when the fuel coverage is less than or equal to 50%), the heat flux released by the fuel arrays is higher than that of the condition without air gap. When the air gap exceeds 8 cm, with a fuel coverage rate above 50%, the heat flux is lower than that of the condition without air gap. By introducing the concept of ignition delay time, the impact of air gaps on ignition delay time is quantitatively described. The ignition delay time increases with the increase of air gap and shows a good exponential relationship, based on which a model for the heat flux received by solid fuel arrays under different air gaps was established. This paper also quantitatively analyzes the effect of air gaps on the heat flux released by the fuel arrays, showing that air gaps influence the released heat flux by altering flame height. As the air gap increases, the flame height first increases and then decreases. When the air gap is no more than 10 cm, with a fuel coverage rate not exceeding 55.6%, the flame height of the fuel arrays is higher than that in the condition without an air gap. However, when the air gap exceeds 10 cm, with a fuel coverage rate above 55.6%, the flame height decreases. The heat flux released by solid fuel arrays decreases with the increase of relative flame height, which decreases sharply when the relative flame height is less than 1, and starts to decrease slowly when the relative flame height is greater than 1, and the heat flux is related to the relative flame height in a power function, and based on this, a model for the released heat flux under different air gap conditions is proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the influence of hydrogen on the MESG of typical hydrocarbon gases Wang Peng 2025, 44 (4):  471-475.  Abstract ( 41 )   In response to the controversy over the explosion group classification of hydrogen containing gas mixtures and the conservative selection of flame arresters, the influence of hydrogen on the MESG of typical hydrocarbon gases such as methane, propane, and ethylene was experimentally studied. The results indicate that as the hydrogen content in the mixture increases, MESG gradually decreases. The rate of decrease of MESG with increasing hydrogen content varies among different hydrocarbons, and the effect of adding hydrogen on MESG of methane, propane, and ethylene gradually weakens. Suggestions for selecting flame arresters: For hydrogen-methane gas with a hydrogen content below 30%, IIA grade flame arresters can be selected; When the hydrogen content is equal to or greater than 30% but less than 60%, IIB3 level flame arresters can be selected; When the hydrogen content is greater than 60%, an IIC level flame arrester should be selected. For hydrogen-propane gas, when the hydrogen content is less than 60%, an IIB3 level flame arrester can be selected. When the hydrogen content reaches 60% or more, an IIC level flame arrester should be selected. For ethylene-hydrogen gas, it is recommended to use IIC grade flame arresters. A MESG prediction formula for hydrogen containing hydrocarbon gases was established, which is in good agreement with experimental results and outperforms existing calculation methods. It could be used to guide the classification of explosion levels for hydrogen containing hydrocarbon gases, as well as the selection of flame arresters and explosion-proof equipment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on flexural toughness of fiber reinforced concrete with lightweight aggregate after high temperature of fire You Zhiguo, Zhou Yunlong, Yang Zhinian, Zhang Hongqiang 2025, 44 (4):  476-484.  Abstract ( 30 )   In order to study the flexural toughness of fiber reinforced concrete with lightweight aggregate after high temperature of fire, the concrete with lightweight aggregate was prepared by adding ceramic fiber, copper-plated steel fiber and ceramic-copper-plated steel fiber. 15 groups of 100 mm× 100 mm × 400 mm test blocks were subjected to open fire temperature rise test for 20 min, 30 min and 60 min according to the international standard ISO-834 temperature rise curve. The four point bending test method was used to conduct the bending test after high temperature. The influence of fiber type and fiber content on the internal temperature, load deflection curve, and bending strength fiber reinforced concrete with lightweight aggregate under different fire time are analyzed. Based on CECS 13:2009, the influence of fiber on the bending toughness of concrete with lightweight aggregate after high temperature is studied. The results show that before the temperature rise lag platform, the higher the content of copper-plated steel fiber, the faster the internal temperature rise of concrete with lightweight aggregate, and the higher the content of ceramic fiber, the slower the internal temperature rise. After high temperature of fire, the greater the content of copper-plated steel fiber, the greater the ultimate bending strength and the better the bending toughness. Copper-plated steel fiber has a better effect on improving the bending toughness of concrete with lightweight aggregate after high temperature. After being fired for 60 min, with the same content of copper-plated steel fiber, the higher the ceramic fiber content, the better the bending toughness. Compared with the bending strength of the single copper-plated steel fiber of D50, the bending strength of the mixed ceramic copper-plated steel fiber D50T13 decreases by 43.6%, and the bending strength of D50T26 and D50T39 increases by 6.39% and 24.40%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Combustion characteristics of thermoplastic polystyrene after accelerated aging under variable temperature Li Chenyan, Shi Biming, Zhang Chengcheng, Pan Juan 2025, 44 (4):  485-490.  Abstract ( 34 )   In order to investigate the effect of aging on the structural properties, combustion performance and fire hazard of thermoplastic polystyrene insulation boards, high and low temperature cycling was used to accelerate the aging of the material. With the help of scanning electron microscope, fourier infrared, cone calorimeter, the structure and fire performance parameters of the accelerated aging material were tested and analyzed. The results show that during the accelerated aging process of high and low temperature cycling, the overall configuration of the thermoplastic polystyrene material bent, and the support of the internal pore structure became weaker; after the accelerated aging process, the absorption intensity of the characteristic peaks of the specific chemical bonds increased, and the chemical composition of the material changed; through the comparative analysis of the indexes measured by cone calorimetry experiments, it was found that the fire danger of the material after accelerated aging was significantly higher than that of the unaged material. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of BT-BN in fire dynamic risk analysis of large commercial complex Chen Wentao, Zhang Xinglu, Yang Zhiquan 2025, 44 (4):  491-496.  Abstract ( 39 )   In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of large commercial complex fire accidents, and avoid and reduce the damage and loss caused by fire to people to the maximum extent, this paper combines the Bow-tie (BT) model and Bayesian Network (BN) model to make a dynamic risk analysis of the fire accident probability of large commercial complexes. On the basis of historical data in recent years, the causes of fire accidents in large commercial complexes are identified by BT model, and the prior probability of basic events is determined by statistical data. Then, based on GeNie software, BT model is transformed into BN model according to logical transformation rules, and the established model is optimized according to the actual fire development stage. Taking a large commercial complex in Kunming as an example, the variables of each node are analyzed through the posterior probability and sensitivity analysis of nodes, and the key factors that induce the fire of the large commercial complex are extracted to verify the feasibility of the established BT-BN model, which is also convenient for the subsequent formulation of corresponding management and technical measures for the fire risks of the large commercial complex. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative analysis and research on fires in newly-built offshore drilling and production platforms Feng Qirui, Song Zhiqiang, Xiao Junshi, Wang Huaifeng, Wang Yanpeng, Yu Zengyi, Wu Jiahao, Feng Yao 2025, 44 (4):  497-503.  Abstract ( 47 )   With the advancement of offshore oil and gas resource development, the safety management of newly built offshore drilling and production platforms has become crucial. After in-depth study of the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers calculation models and thorough consideration of the uniqueness of offshore oil and gas facilities, this research independently developed two advanced calculation toolkits: the Leakage Frequency Calculation Toolkit and the Transient Leakage Calculation Toolkit. These tools were used to conduct a detailed quantitative analysis of the fire risk on the newly designed offshore drilling and production platform. The study found that due to the complexity of oil and gas separation and medium-pressure and low-pressure compression system equipment, the leak frequency on the middle deck was the highest, primarily attributed to the layout of the oil and gas separation system and the medium-pressure and low-pressure compression system equipment on the middle deck. Building upon this analysis, numerical simulation methods were employed to quantitatively analyze the consequences of jet fires and pool fires, leading to innovative passive fire protection (PFP) recommendations based on the simulation results. These recommendations include precise delineation of PFP areas, enhancement of PFP material selection and standards, establishment of regular maintenance and inspection systems, comprehensive improvement of emergency response capabilities, and the introduction of innovative mechanisms for continuous improvement and risk assessment. These research findings provide important references for the design, construction, and improvement of the new platform, aiding in the reduction of fire risks from the source and enhancing the platform's intrinsic safety performance. Furthermore, they offer valuable insights for the design and construction of similar platforms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on numerical simulation of liquid nitrogen suppressing lithium-ion battery storage cabin fire Yu Yong, Song Yuchen, Zhou Wei, Wang Zhi 2025, 44 (4):  504-510.  Abstract ( 58 )   To study the suppression effect of liquid nitrogen on fires in energy storage cabins, the thermal runaway of battery modules in the energy storage cabin was numerically simulated. The fire extinguishing effects of liquid nitrogen and water mist were compared under normal pressure and low pressure environments, and the influences of the number of nozzles and the spray angle on the fire extinguishing effect of liquid nitrogen in the energy storage cabin were further studied. The research results show that in terms of suppressing the spread of thermal runaway of lithium batteries in the energy storage cabin, liquid nitrogen has a better effect than water mist regardless of whether it is in a normal pressure or low pressure environment. Moreover, as the number of nozzles increases and the spray angle decreases, the fire extinguishing effect of liquid nitrogen is further enhanced. Therefore, by setting nozzles with different numbers and spray angles, the fire extinguishing effect of liquid nitrogen in fires in energy storage cabins can be optimized. The research results can provide a basis for the design of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing in lithium-ion battery energy storage cabins. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficiency analysis of fire fighting system in main equipment fire and explosion scenario of underground substation Cheng Yifeng, Zhang Jiaqing, Guo Yi, Li Yi, Li Jingjing, Chen Ye 2025, 44 (4):  511-517.  Abstract ( 31 )   In order to systematically evaluate the efficiency of the fixed firefighting system in the fire and explosion scene of underground substation, the efficiency architecture of the fixed firefighting system in underground substation is proposed based on safety system engineering, numerical simulation and test. Taking the main transformer room of a 500 kV underground substation as the research object, the qualitative analysis of system reliability and the evaluation of system survivability under fire and explosion conditions were carried out. The results show that under the simulation conditions of top oil tank tear fire and oil collecting pool fire, the flame baking at high temperature for a long time was very likely to ignite the transformer in the fuel tie and cause the accident chain effect. When the precipitated oil vapor cloud develops fully around the transformer and ignites, the maximum overpressure at the fire pipe and wall corresponding to the central ignition was about 54.0 kPa, and the maximum overpressure value under the condition of one side ignition is 73.9 kPa. Due to the impact of flame and high temperature, the sprinkler of non-stainless steel was likely to melt and the fire pipe was deformed. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding measures to improve the dry burning and explosion resistance of the fire pipe system in underground substations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on cooperative fire extinguishing of HFO-1234yf and several dry powder fire extinguishing agents Zhang Han, Shu Zhongjun, Wu Jie, Xing Zhixiang 2025, 44 (4):  518-524.  Abstract ( 37 )   With the implementation of the Kigali Amendment, HFCs gas fire extinguishing agents with high GWP, represented by HFC-227ea, will be restricted from use. Therefore, the research on alternatives to such fire extinguishing agents is of practical significance. The green and environmentally friendly refrigerant HFO-1234yf, as a fluorine-containing olefin compound, also belongs to the screening range of alternative fire extinguishing agents. In this paper, the critical extinguishing volume fraction of HFO-1234yf to extinguish the n-heptane flame is 11.4% by using a cup burner. To improve its fire extinguishing efficiency, KHCO3, NaHCO3 and ABC dry powder are used to carry out the mixed fire extinguishing research of gas and solid, respectively. The results show that there are different synergies between HFO-1234yf gas and the three powders, and the synergies are the best when the powder mass concentration is 40.2, 55.1 g/m3 and 67.4 g/m3, and the corresponding peak synergies are 0.884 8, 0.892 6 and 0.931 0, respectively. The combination of suitable dry powder extinguishing agent and HFO-1234yf can reduce the extinguishing concentration of HFO-1234yf and improve its extinguishing efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of thermal runaway gases in lithium batteries based on Raman PLSR-CNN Zhang Wei, Yang Xu, Huang Xin3, Zhang Haijun 2025, 44 (4):  525-531.  Abstract ( 51 )   Against the early and rapid monitoring and warning of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries , this article proposes a fast Raman detection and recognition algorithm for thermal runaway characteristic gases. The method innovatively develops a least squares convolutional neural network (PLSR-CNN) algorithm, which accurately extracts intrinsic signals from low signal-to-noise ratio Raman gas signals and combines partial least squares regression (PLSR) technology for quantitative analysis, greatly improving the detection and warning effect of Raman gas detection technology. The results show that the accuracy of this method in qualitative analysis is as high as 99.8%, and in quantitative analysis it is as high as 96.4%. Therefore, this method has good application prospects in the field of detection, providing theoretical and technical support for further improving the accuracy of thermal runaway gas identification and improving gas identification models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on infrared segmented heat pump for fire hose drying based on response surface Lei Xinyu, Liu Long, Shi Hao, Liu Hao 2025, 44 (4):  532-540.  Abstract ( 23 )   In the field of heat pump drying, air source heat pump technology is often used to dry various materials. The technology of drying fire hoses using air source heat pump is gradually mature, but there are still problems such as low drying efficiency, long drying time, and difficult to dry thoroughly. In order to solve the problem of high humidity of circulating air in the later stage of heat pump drying, and improve the drying efficiency of fire hoses, Specific Moisture Extraction Rates （SMER） and Moisture Extraction Rates （MER）, a heat pump-infrared ray combined drying device was designed and developed, and the Design expert software was used to verify and determine the best working conditions suitable for fire hose drying. The experimental results show that the total power consumption of the system is 6.57 kWh, SMER is 1.32 kg/kWh, and MER is 2.91 kg/h when the infrared radiation temperature is 36 ℃, the conversion time from the heat pump to infrared ray is 1.6 h, and the fan air supply speed is 2.2 m/s. Compared with the traditional heat pump drying hose technology, the total power consumption is basically unchanged, the value of SMER is increased by 58.3%, the value of MER is increased by 61.6%, and the comprehensive drying effect is significantly improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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A detection method of safety equipment for personnel in fire operation under deep learning Zhao Pengcheng, Qin Haodong, Zhang Ying, Zhang Ke 2025, 44 (4):  541-547.  Abstract ( 46 )   Safety protection equipment is an important facility to protect the safety of operators. In order to improve the precision of personnel safety equipment identification and solve the problem of intelligent safety management of fire operations on construction sites. A detection method of safety equipment for personnel in fire operation under deep learning was proposed in this paper. The YOLOv5 network was enhanced by incorporating the CBAM attention mechanism and the SPD Conv module. The feature extraction ability of the network was improved by optimization. A dataset training network was established to develop an intelligent detection model for identifying safety equipment of pyrotechnic operators. The results show that the improved YOLOv5 network model has an average recognition accuracy of 92.9% for the four types of safety equipment, which is an 8.8% improvement over the original network. The method exhibits high recognition accuracy in detecting safety equipment at fire operation sites. It can effectively promote intelligent safety management on construction sites. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on binocular positioning forest fire technology of quadrotor UAV based on computer vision Wang Huiying, Zhang Zhiqiang, Wang Zhaoqiang 2025, 44 (4):  548-552.  Abstract ( 36 )   In In order to improve the effectiveness of forest fire prevention and control strategy and solve the problems of forest fire monitoring, rapid fire point identification and effective location, binocular fire point positioning technology of quadrotor UAV equipped with computer vision system was proposed. Firstly, it is equipped with infrared thermal imager, camera, laser radar and other equipment to detect forest smoke and hidden fire points, and use image intelligent recognition technology for data processing to achieve accurate fire point identification; Secondly, the binocular plane image algorithm combined with the UAV's own attitude and position information is used to propose a mathematical model of fire location, and the fire location coordinates are obtained. Finally, 8 sets of experiments were designed to verify the accuracy and reliability of the UAV identification and positioning system. The results show that the maximum error of longitude is （6.20×10-6 ）o, the maximum error of latitude is （ 3.21×10-6）o, and the maximum error of elevation is 2.73×10-3 m, which can achieve accurate positioning. Therefore, it provides new methods and ideas for forest fire prevention and control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology for rapid identification of initial forest fires and their products using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with gas detectors Bai Jialin, Peng Ziqing, Yuan Haoyu, Wang Yue, He Cheng 2025, 44 (4):  553-558.  Abstract ( 30 )   In order to quickly and effectively monitor forest fires and improve the efficiency of forest fire detection, this paper proposes a technique for quickly identifying initial fire onset in forests by using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with gas detectors. The technique uses unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with gas detection equipment for real-time monitoring of gas components and solid particle concentrations produced when a forest fire occurs in a simulated forest fire site, and studies the correlation between the variation of gas components and solid particle concentrations and the occurrence of forest fires. The research data showed that during the initial stage of forest fire combustion, the content of NO₂ and O₃+NO₂ gases and three types of solid particles (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10) would rapidly increase, peak during the mid-combustion stage, and then gradually return to normal ranges post-combustion or after extinguishment. The content of gases and solid particles decreased as the distance from the monitoring sites to the fire source increased. This experiment can provide useful data for accurate monitoring of forest fires by observing the average gas content and trend of solid particle concentrations at various heights, thereby enabling the qualitative measurement of emissions during a forest fire. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the management mechanism of social fire technical service institutions under the background of high-quality development Wu Liang, Xiong Li 2025, 44 (4):  559-563.  Abstract ( 43 )   Based on the macro background of high-quality development of the country and deepening the reform of "streamlining administration, delegating powers, and improving services", this article introduces the current development status of the social fire technical service industry, analyzes the main factors that restrict the high-quality development of the industry from the perspectives of market supply and demand, and regulatory departments. Combined with relevant practice cases of the Shanghai administrative supervision department, this article proposes to use "standardization & digitization" as a driving force to enhance both industry quality management awareness and capabilities, fully leverage the synergistic effects of "administrative supervision & market regulation", establish an industry self-ecological mechanism, promote a virtuous cycle in the market ecosystem, and spearhead the high-quality transformation and development of the fire technical service industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on fire safety and security work for major activities under new situation He Zhaoyu 2025, 44 (4):  564-568.  Abstract ( 47 )   From Sep 23rd to Oct 28th, 2023, 19th Asian Games and the 4th Asian Para Games were held in Hangzhou. With more than 6 years of preparation, Hangzhou Fire and Rescue Division set a record of “no fire hazards, no fire alarms, no fire accidents” during the 21 days of the event. Furthermore, fire accidents of the city decreased by 86%. This was attributed to systematic thinking integrated into the overall security framework, a streamlined and clear flat command structure, proactive planning and extra measures, and the comprehensive mobilization of all sectors and levels of society. This paper took fire safety efforts of the 19th Asian Games and 4th Asian Para Games as a study case, focused on aspects such as preliminary planning, tactical and technical applications, command and coordination, and comprehensive support, analyzed and discussed fire safety and security work for major activities. Recommendations and precautions were also provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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Urgent problems and countermeasures for fire inspection in railway construction projects Gao Yanfeng 2025, 44 (4):  569-573.  Abstract ( 38 )   Combined with the transfer of the responsibility of fire protection design review and acceptance of railway construction projects from the railway public security and fire protection departments to local housing and construction departments, the problems encountered in the fire protection design review and acceptance and filing of railway construction projects were comprehensively compared and analyzed, the main problems to be solved and the reasons for their existence were analyzed, and corresponding solutions were put forward from the aspects of project planning procedures, design drawing review, special fire protection design review, overall fire protection acceptance assessment and filing. This paper clarifies the corresponding policy change requirements of railway construction projects in the process of fire protection design verification, and provides effective solutions for promoting the smooth implementation of railway construction projects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the causes of a fire caused by a single-phase grounding fault on a 10 kV transmission line Wang Yuling, Wu Zhijun, Wang Xin, Song Chenyu 2025, 44 (4):  574-578.  Abstract ( 42 )   Most of China's existing low-voltage distribution systems adopt low current grounding methods, with single-phase grounding faults accounting for a higher proportion of system failures. This article analyzes the changes in power data recorded by intelligent energy meters in the background and the relevant laws when a fault occurs on an overhead power distribution line through a grassland fire. By analyzing software, the backend data from smart energy meters is extracted, theoretical analysis and simulation experiments were used to verify the cause of the fire, combined with on-site inspections, investigation inquiries, video analysis and data analysis. The results show that the changes in data parameters recorded by the intelligent energy meter in the background are consistent with the changes in power parameters when a single-phase grounding fault occurs on overhead lines. Based on the method, further analyzing the actual fault situation of the line, and combining with other evidence, can provide a new approach for investigating the causes of fires caused by single-phase grounding faults on overhead lines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and determination of a major fatal fire in a residential building Wang Liang 2025, 44 (4):  579-584.  Abstract ( 53 )   The article introduces the investigation and determination of a residential arson case. Through on-site inspection, visits and inquiries, video analysis, physical evidence identification, and corpse examination, the development and spread characteristics of the fire were analyzed, the ignition location, ignition point, and ignition time were accurately identified. At the same time, in terms of analyzing and determining the characteristics, nature, and causes of the fire, the public security organizations closely cooperated with the fire rescue agencies and fire rescue agencies played a leading role in fire investigation. At the same time, numerical simulations were conducted on fire scenarios to study the temperature field and smoke diffusion laws in fire scenarios, verifying the fire process and the cause of death, and improving the level of fire investigation. Related Articles | Metrics