主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 7-15.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0007.09

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配电柜绝缘材料热解粒子浓度规律及探测参量优化研究

范孝勇1, 邹凯予1, 谢佳1,2, 陆守香1   

  1. （1.中国科学技术大学 火灾安全全国重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026； 2.国网安徽省电力有限公司，安徽 合肥 230061）
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23 修回日期:2025-09-16 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-15
  • 作者简介:范孝勇，中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室硕士研究生，主要从事电气火灾安全、电气火灾监控技术等研究，安徽省合肥市蜀山区黄山路443号，230026。

Research on the concentration characteristics of thermal decomposition particles and optimization of detection parameters of insulation materials for distribution cabinets

Fan Xiaoyong1, Zou Kaiyu1, Xie Jia1,2, Lu Shouxiang1   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China; 2. State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hefei Anhui 230061, China)
  • Received:2025-04-23 Revised:2025-09-16 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-15

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摘要： 为研究配电柜典型电气绝缘材料起火早期的热解粒子数量浓度规律及热解粒子探测参量的选取优化，本研究搭建了配电柜3种典型绝缘材料的热解粒子探测试验平台，模拟了电气材料的低温热解过程，获取了0.3～10.0 μm的粒子数量浓度及PM0.5、PM1.0和PM2.5粒子质量浓度规律，建立了热解粒子数量浓度数据集，并基于此数据集，采用随机森林算法获取了不同粒径范围的粒子数量浓度对于早期热解的重要程度，优化热解粒子探测参量选取。结果表明：3种热解材料均出现了明显热解固体颗粒的粒子数量浓度变化，热解粒子数量浓度趋势为先保持基值，后增长，再饱和或下降；粒子质量浓度呈现先增长后降低的趋势；粒径分布主要集中在1.0 μm粒径范围以内；相对于ABS和FR-4环氧树脂材料，PVC更易产生大粒径颗粒物。在热解粒子探测设计中，可优选粒径大于0.3 μm的粒子数量浓度为单一探测参量，粒径大于1.0 μm粒子数量浓度与PM2.5质量浓度的搭配为双探测参量。本研究可为电气火灾监测系统中测量热解粒子式电气火灾探测技术的应用提供依据。

关键词: 电气绝缘材料, 粒子数量浓度, 粒子质量浓度, 电气火灾探测, 探测参量

Abstract: To study the concentration law of pyrolysis particles and optimize the selection of pyrolysis particles detection parameters during the early stage of ignition of typical electrical insulation materials in Distribution Cabinets, this study established a pyrolysis particles detection test platform for three typical insulating materials in distribution cabinets. The platform simulates the low-temperature pyrolysis process of electrical materials, obtaining the number concentration laws of particles ranging from 0.3 to 10.0 μm and the mass concentration laws of PM0.5, PM1.0 and PM2.5. A pyrolysis particles concentration dataset was established. and based on this dataset, the random forest algorithm was used to obtain the importance of particle concentrations in different particle size ranges for early pyrolysis, thereby optimizing the selection of pyrolysis particle detection parameters. The results show that all three pyrolysis materials exhibit significant changes in the concentration of pyrolytic solid particles. The trend of the number concentration of pyrolysis particles is to maintain the baseline value first, then increases, and finally reaches saturation or decreases. The mass concentration shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The particle size distribution is mainly concentrated within the range of 1.0 μm. Compared with ABS and FR-4 epoxy resin materials, PVC is more likely to generate large-sized particles. In the design of pyrolysis particle detection, the number concentration of particles larger than 0.3 μm is preferred as a single detection parameter, and the combination of the number concentration of particles larger than 1.0 μm and the PM2.5 mass concentration is recommended as dual detection parameters. This research can provide a basis for the application of the electrical fire detection technology of measuring pyrolysis particles in electrical fire monitoring system.

Key words: electrical insulation materials, particle number concentration, particle mass concentration, electrical fire detection, detection parameter