主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 1-9.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.09.0184.09

• •    下一篇

地下车库电动汽车火灾蔓延规律及抑制策略研究

王志1,2, 谢锐1,2, 袁狄平1, 邹磊1, 刘常康3   

  1. （1.中国矿业大学深圳研究院，广东 深圳 518000； 2.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116； 3.杭州京工电科技有限公司，浙江 杭州 310000）
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-19 修回日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-15
  • 作者简介:王志，中国矿业大学副教授，硕士生导师，主要从事火灾动力学、锂离子电池火灾安全等方面的研究，江苏省徐州市大学路1号，221116，zhiwang@cumt.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2024B1111080003）；应急管理部重点科技计划项目（2025EMST110401）；江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金面上项目（BK20242088）

Study on the spread law and suppression strategies of electric vehicle fires in underground garage

Wang Zhi1,2, Xie Rui1,2, Yuan Diping1, Zou Lei1, Liu Changkang3   

  1. (1. Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518000, China; 2. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China; 3. Hangzhou TOC Power Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000, China)
  • Received:2025-12-19 Revised:2026-02-27 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-09-15

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摘要： 针对地下车库等受限空间内电动汽车火灾易引发火烧连营的难题，本研究基于FDS建立双车全尺寸模型，以热释放速率、相邻车辆引燃时间、温度及烟气特性为指标，对比分析车辆间距与防火挡板的阻隔效果。研究表明，单纯扩大车辆间距虽然显著延缓了引燃时间，从700 s延长至950 s，但对最终切断火灾蔓延路径的效果有限，由于受限空间的热积聚效应，仍会在高温羽流与强辐射作用下发生快速连锁燃烧。相比之下，防火挡板能显著重构热烟气路径，抑制效能随高度增加呈非线性提升。当挡板高度从0.4 m增加至1.8 m时，相邻车辆引燃时间从730 s显著延长至1 120 s；且挡板高度为2.2 m时，挡板形成了切断火焰卷吸与辐射传热的临界屏障，致使相邻车辆不再被引燃。本研究结果证实了地下车库场景下，增设高位挡板是比调整间距更高效的防控手段，为消防设计提供了科学依据。

关键词: 地下车库, 电动汽车火灾, 数值模拟, 车辆间距, 防火挡板

Abstract: Regarding the problem that electric vehicle fires in confined spaces such as underground garages are prone to triggering a chain combustion reaction, this study established a full-scale model of two vehicles based on FDS. Using heat release rate, ignition time of adjacent vehicle, temperature, and smoke characteristics as indicators, it comparatively analyzed the blocking effects of vehicle distance and fire baffle. The research indicates that simply increasing the distance between vehicles, although it significantly delays the ignition time from 700 s to 950 s, has a limited effect on ultimately cutting off the fire propagation pathways. Due to the heat accumulation effect within confined spaces, high-temperature smoke plumes and intense radiant heat may still trigger rapid chain combustion. In contrast, fire baffle can significantly restructure the path of hot smoke, and their inhibitory effect increases non-linearly with the increase in height. When the height of the baffle increases from 0.4 m to 1.8 m, the ignition time of adjacent vehicle significantly extends from 730 s to 1 120 s; when the height of the baffle is 2.2 m, the baffle forms a critical barrier that cuts off flame entrainment and radiant heat transfer, preventing adjacent vehicle from being ignited. This study confirms that in underground garage scenarios, adding high-positioned baffle is a more efficient prevention and control measure than adjusting distance, providing a scientific basis for fire protection design.

Key words: underground garage, electric vehicle fire, numerical simulation, vehicle distance, fire baffle