主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 504-509.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

含添加剂细水雾对锂电池热失控延缓效果研究

张艳1, 彭伟1, 刘小勇2, 卓辉1   

  1. （1. 安徽理工大学 安全科学与工程学院，安徽 淮南 232001；2. 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院检验检测中心，安徽 合肥 230601）
  • 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-15
  • 作者简介:张 艳（1998- ），女，安徽合肥人，安徽理工大学安全科学与工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事火灾防治理论与技术、安全评价理论与方法等方面的研究，安徽省淮南市田家庵区泰丰大街168号，232001。
  • 基金资助:
    火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题（HZ2023-KF08）

Study on retarding effect of water mist containing additive on thermal runaway of lithium battery

Zhang Yan1, Peng Wei1, Liu Xiaoyong2, Zhuo Hui1   

  1. (1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui Huainan 232001, China;2. Inspection and Testing Center, Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Anhui Hefei 230601, China)
  • Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-15

摘要： 为了研究含非离子表面活性剂的细水雾对锂电池热失控的延缓效果，以18650 三元锂离子电池为研究对象，通过向细水雾中添加非离子表面活性剂（FS 3100、Tween 80、APG 0810）优化细水雾对锂电池的冷却灭火性能，对比分析各添加剂的加入对细水雾抑制锂电池热失控最高温度、热失控过程平均升温速率及冷却过程中平均冷却速率与冷却时长的影响，并从表面张力、接触角、发泡性能等角度分析其冷却机制与产生负抑制的原因。结果表明：3种非离子表面活性剂对提高细水雾抑制锂电池热失控能力的大小为：FS 3100 < Tween 80 < APG 0810。其中APG 0810主要通过降低细水雾的表面张力与接触角，来提高细水雾对电池的润湿性和蒸发吸热能力；Tween 80主要通过提升发泡能力，其产生的泡沫稳定性低、易脆变，泡沫的破裂带走了大量热量且不易停留在电池表面，从而有效提高了细水雾对电池热失控过程中升温速率的抑制。因此，通过加入非离子表面活性剂提升细水雾对锂电池热失控的延缓效果，不仅需要降低表面张力，也需要适当提升起泡倍数与泡沫的脆变性。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 细水雾, 添加剂, 冷却机理

Abstract: In order to investigate the retarding effect of water mist containing a nonionic surfactant on the thermal runaway phenomenon in lithium battery，this study focuses on optimizing the cooling and fire extinguishing performance of water mist by incorporating nonionic surfactants （FS 3100, Tween 80, APG 0810） into the water mist for 18650 ternary lithium?ion battery. The effects of different additives on the maximum temperature, average heating rate, average cooling rate, and cooling time of the lithium battery were compared and analyzed. Additionally, the cooling mechanism and reasons for negative inhibition were examined from the perspectives of surface tension, contact angle, and foaming properties. The results demonstrate that the three nonionic surfactants effectively enhance the capacity of water mist to suppress thermal runaway in lithium battery: FS 3100 < Tween 80 < APG 0810. APG 0810 primarily reduces the surface tension and contact angle of water mist to enhance the wettability and heat absorption capacity of water mist towards lithium battery. The main function of Tween 80 is to enhance foaming ability. The foam generated by Tween 80 exhibits low stability and brittleness, leading to significant heat dissipation during foam bursting and making it difficult for the foam to adhere to the surface of the battery. Consequently, this effectively improves the suppression of lithium battery heating rate during thermal runaway. Therefore, in order to enhance the retarding effect of water mist on the thermal runaway of lithium battery through the addition of nonionic surfactants, it is necessary to not only reduce surface tension but also appropriately increase the foaming multiple and the brittleness of the foam.

Key words: lithium?ion battery, thermal runaway, water mist, additive, cooling mechanism