主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 1072-1076.

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正常充电和热滥用共同作用下大容量锂离子电池热失控试验研究

张军1, 何骁龙2, 王子阳2,3, 姚斌2   

  1. （1. 合肥市消防救援支队，安徽 合肥 230001；2. 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026；3. 合肥科大立安安全技术有限责任公司，安徽 合肥 230088）
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-28 修回日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-15
  • 作者简介:张 军（1972— ），男，安徽舒城人，合肥市消防救援支队高级工程师，博士，主要从事消防监督管理工作，安徽省合肥市蜀山区习友路与科学大道交口，230001。

Experimental study on thermal runaway of large-capacity lithium-ion batteries under the combined action of normal charging

Zhang Jun1, He Xiaolong2, Wang Ziyang2, 3, Yao Bin2   

  1. (1. Hefei Fire and Rescue Division, Anhui Hefei 230001, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Hefei 230026, China;3. Hefei Keda Li'an Safety Technology Co. Ltd., Anhui Hefei 230088, China)
  • Received:2023-11-28 Revised:2024-01-08 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-15

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摘要： 以50 Ah大容量三元锂电池为研究对象，采用热失控时间作为电热共同作用工况组合标准，通过改变电池起始SOC和充电倍率，开展了不同场景下正常充电和局部过热共同作用下的电池热失控试验，详细分析了不同场景下电池的热失控时间、燃烧行为、热失控SOC、表面最高温度、温升速率、电压峰值等热电特征参数变化。结果表明，正常充电和热滥用共同作用下，电池起始SOC越高，充电倍率越大，热失控时间越短，热失控剧烈程度由电池热失控SOC决定；电池处于较低SOC时，会在充电过程中发生热失控，电压会在热失控前突增到10 V以上然后再突降到零，电池处于较高SOC时，共同作用和单一滥用热失控的差异明显减小。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 正常充电, 热滥用

Abstract: This article focuses on a 50 Ah high-capacity NCM battery as the research object, using thermal runaway（TR） time as the standard for the combination of electric and thermal working conditions. By changing the initial SOC and charging rate of the battery, TR experiments were carried out under the combined effects of normal charging and local overheating in different scenarios. Changes of thermal and electric parameter characteristics such as TR time, combustion behavior, TR SOC, maximum surface temperature, temperature rise rate and voltage peak of the battery in different scenarios were analyzed in detail. The results show that under the combined effect of normal charging and thermal abuse, the higher the initial SOC of the battery, the higher the charging rate, and the shorter the TR time. The severity of TR is determined by the battery's TR SOC; When the battery is at a lower SOC, it will experience TR during charging, and the voltage will suddenly increase to over 10 V before TR and then suddenly drop to zero. When the battery is at a higher SOC, the difference between the combined effect and single abuse of TR is significantly reduced.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, thermal runaway, normal charging, thermal abuse