280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池火灾及热失控产气特性研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1190-1196.

280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池火灾及热失控产气特性研究

许晓元1,2, 李晋1,2, 卓萍1,2, 李紫婷1,2, 储玉喜1,2, 陈晔1,2

（1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.电化学能源消防安全联合创新应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381）

收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-07-30 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-15
作者简介:许晓元，应急管理部天津消防研究所副研究员，博士，主要从事锂电池和石油化工火灾防控技术研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFE0207400）；内蒙古自治区“科技突围”项目（2024KJTW0016）；应急管理部重点科技计划（2024EMST111107）

Research on the fire and gas generation characteristics during thermal runaway of 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate batteries

Xu Xiaoyuan1,2, Li Jin1,2, Zhuo Ping1,2, Li Ziting1,2, Chu Yuxi1,2, Chen Ye 1,2

(1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy and Fire Safety Joint Innovation,Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China)

Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-07-30 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电池在开敞空间下燃烧和产气特性的定量研究，对电池火灾安全评价和防控技术具有重要的支撑作用。本文基于新能源火灾量热及热失控气体分析试验平台，研究了280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池燃烧、产烟和产气特性。结果表明，一块280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池在加热触发热失控并燃烧条件下，最大热释放速率为133.0 kW，总产热量为14.26 MJ，总产烟量为52.5 m2，产热当量为0.38 kg正庚烷；一块280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池在加热触发热失控，仅产气未燃烧的条件下，通过傅里叶分析仪共识别出酯类、CO2、CH4等15类气体，总量为294.17 L，其中，酯类164.68 L，总碳氢的产气量为27.73 L。

关键词: 锂电池；热失控；新能源火灾；热释放速率；组分识别；气体浓度

Abstract: Quantitative research on the combustion and gas generation characteristics of lithium-iron batteries in an open space environment plays a crucial supporting role in fire safety assessment and prevention and control technologies. Based on the experimental platform for new energy fire calorimetry and thermal runaway gas analysis, the paper conducts a study on the combustion, smoke generation, and gas generation characteristics of 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate batteries. The results indicate that under the condition where a 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate battery is triggered by heating and then burns, the maximum heat release rate reaches 133.0 kW, the total heat release amounts to 14.26 MJ, the total smoke production is 52.5 m², and the heat-production equivalent is 0.38 kg of n-heptane. When a 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate battery is triggered by heating and only generates gas without burning, a total of 15 types of gases, including esters, CO₂, and CH₄, are identified using a Fourier transform instrument. The total volume of these gases is 294.17 L, among which the volume of esters is 164.68 L and the total volume of hydrocarbons is 27.73 L.

Key words: lithium battery; thermal runaway; new energy fire; heat release rate; component identification; gas concentration

许晓元, 李晋, 卓萍, 李紫婷, 储玉喜, 陈晔. 280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池火灾及热失控产气特性研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2025, 44(9): 1190-1196.

Xu Xiaoyuan, Li Jin, Zhuo Ping, Li Ziting, Chu Yuxi, Chen Ye. Research on the fire and gas generation characteristics during thermal runaway of 280 Ah lithium-iron phosphate batteries[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2025, 44(9): 1190-1196.